Tanzania |
Prevention and Awareness in Schools of HIV/AIDS (PASHA)
PASHA is a project of the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training (MoEVT). It is funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) through the German Technical Cooperation (GTZ) as part of the German efforts to the Tanzanian German Programme to Support Health (TGPSH). The Swiss Centre for International Health of the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute was contracted to provide the technical collaboration and support for implementation. PASHA Phase I ran from 2003-2006 and piloted methodologies and activities that enable school students to develop the life skills needed to make informed decisions with regard to their sexual behaviour. Phase II from 2007-2009 involved expansion to two new regions and inclusion of the primary school level. Phase III is now underway and will run from 2010-2012.
Location
Initially PASHA worked with all secondary schools in Tanga Region (71 in 2003, more than 150 in January 2007) regardless of their ownership (government or non-government) and with two teacher training colleges. Since 2007, primary schools are also included, and coverage has extended to the Lindi and Mtwara Regions. In 2010, 169 primary and 92 secondary schools are currently supported. In Phase II, PASHA trained 1174 Peer Educators and 470 counselling teachers. In the new phase, the approach will be extended to the Mbeya region, as well as to other regions in partnership with the MoEVT and other organizations.
Approach
All project supported activities are in line with the strategic plan concerning HIV and AIDS of the MoEVT. The project design is based on research findings and good practices of existing interventions. PASHA is regurlarly commissioning external studies to explore specific aspects and ensure a continuous quality improvement of the approach based on lessons learned.
Activities of the project aim at establishing guidance and counseling services and peer education programmes in primary and secondary schools as a means for effective reproductive health and life-skills education. Addressing the issue of school girl pregnancy in relation to prevention and policy advice has emerged as a new thematic focus of PASHA over the last phase. PASHA has developed a series of educational materials, including the “Shangazi Stella” modules, which address frequently asked questions of students in a participative way, or a lifeskill guide.
A ‘whole school’ development approach is used, with activities focusing mainly on teachers, but also on heads of schools and non-teaching staff as mediators interacting with students on a daily basis. Students are engaged in the selection of school counselors and through peer education. Training programmes have been developed and training is conducted for trainers, teachers and peer educators. Links between schools and the community are encouraged, e.g., through community theatre performances. Schools are supported and monitored by regional coordinators. The intensive communication and planning with heads of schools has been important in ensuring school level ownership in Phase I, with many schools now using their own resources to sustain counseling services.
An approach to engage and support decentralized government structures in the planning and implementation of HIV and AIDS interventions at school level is applied. The Ministry is supported in developing and implementing the sectoral HIV strategy and in rolling out PASHA to other regions of the country.
Partners
Ministry of Education and Vocational Training, United Republic of Tanzania
Funding Agencies
Bundesministerium für Wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (BMZ) through the German Technical Cooperation (GTZ)
Objective
The project is fully incorporated in the multisectoral AIDS Component of the Tanzanian German Programme to Support Health (TGPSH). The overall goal of the component is for the population in the programme regions to increasingly adopt preventive behaviour, use the improved information and services on sexual and reproductive health (incl. HIV/AIDS) and know and claim their rights.The main aim of PASHA is to empower primary and secondary students (boys and girls) to make informed and healthy decisions about their sexual behaviour. Adolescents shall use the services offered by PASHA and others interventions to increase their knowledge and life skills. Specific objectives of the next PASHA phase will be:
- Prevent HIV and STIs amongst primary and secondary school students
- Prevent unwanted pregnancies amongst primary and secondary school students and promote continued schooling of affected girls
- Strengthen and promote lifeskills and social resilience development amongst students
- Mainstream PASHA into the MoEVT HIV strategy
TGPSH-PASHA as a sub-component focuses on achieving this goal for school students, whereas other component activities focus on out of school youth and improving the availability and quality of reproductive health services. Additionally, TGPSH-PASHA serves to enhance the multi-sectoral collaboration between the education and health sectors, which is crucial for comprehensive HIV Prevention in schools.
Outputs/Outcome
- A comprehensive support package of school based services (focusing on counselling and peer education) as a strategy to promote SRH and HIV prevention in both primary and secondary schools
- The MoEVT and its decentralized structures are supported in establishing a system of planning, implementing and monitoring HIV and Sexual and Reproductive Health interventions in the education system
Financial Volume
Approximately EUR 900,000 for current phase
Time Frame
2010-2012 (Phase III)