Ensemble modeling of the likely public health impact of a pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccine (Publications)
BACKGROUND: The RTS,S malaria vaccine may soon be licensed. Models of impact of such vaccines have mainly considered deployment via the World Health Organization's Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI)
<em>Anopheles plumbeus</em> (Diptera: Culicidae) in Europe: a mere nuisance mosquito or potential malaria vector? (Publications)
of humans between Europe and malaria endemic countries and changes in environment and climate, these data strongly suggest that An. plumbeus could act as a vector for malaria and thus significantly contribute [...] to increasing the malaria transmission risk in Central-Western Europe. In locations showing high vulnerability to the presence of gametocyte carriers, the risk of transmission of malaria by An. plumbeus [...] ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Anopheles plumbeus has been recognized as a minor...
Simulation of the cost-effectiveness of malaria vaccines (Publications)
vaccination over 50% often exceed the benefits. CONCLUSION: The simulations indicate malaria vaccines might be efficient malaria control interventions, and that both transmission setting and vaccine delivery [...] BACKGROUND: A wide range of possible malaria vaccines is being considered and there is a need to identify which vaccines should be prioritized for clinical development. An important element of the information [...] individual-based stochastic model for the natural history and...
A review of malaria vaccine clinical projects based on the WHO rainbow table (Publications)
As the malaria community considers the potential role of a first-generation malaria vaccine in malaria control efforts, it is an apposite time to carefully document terminated and ongoing malaria vaccine [...] Phase 3 testing of the most advanced malaria vaccine, RTS,S/AS01, indicates that malaria vaccine R&D is moving into a new phase. Field trials of several research malaria vaccines have also confirmed that [...] applied to increase the chances of success for second-generation malaria...
Cost-sharing strategies combining targeted public subsidies with private-sector delivery achieve high bednet coverage and reduced malaria transmission... (Publications)
insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) for malaria prevention in the Kilombero Valley, southern Tanzania, since 1996. Here we evaluate resulting changes in bednet coverage and malaria transmission. METHODS: Bednets [...] but now-obsolete technologies available at the time resulted in low insecticide treatment rates. Malaria transmission remained intense but was substantially reduced: Compared with an exceptionally high
Preventing childhood malaria in Africa by protecting adults from mosquitoes with insecticide-treated nets (Publications)
BACKGROUND: Malaria prevention in Africa merits particular attention as the world strives toward a better life for the poorest. Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) represent a practical means to prevent malaria in [...] targets for ITN coverage beyond vulnerable groups. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Using field-parameterized malaria transmission models, we show that high (80% use) but exclusively targeted coverage of young children
Quantifying behavioural interactions between humans and mosquitoes: Evaluating the protective efficacy of insecticidal nets against malaria... (Publications)
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: African malaria vectors bite predominantly indoors at night so sleeping under an Insecticide-Treated Net (ITN) can greatly reduce malaria risk. Behavioural adaptation by mosquitoes [...] allow vector mosquitoes to bite outside of peak sleeping hours and undermine efficacy of this key malaria prevention measure. METHODS: High coverage with largely untreated nets has been achieved in the Kilombero [...] peak sleeping hours, respectively. ITNs consistently conferred > 70%...
Spatio-temporal analysis of the role of climate in inter-annual variation of malaria incidence in Zimbabwe (Publications)
inter-annual variation in malaria incidence. Quantitative description of the space-time effect of this association has practical implications for the development of operational malaria early warning system [...] system (MEWS) and malaria control. We used Bayesian negative binomial models for spatio-temporal analysis of the relationship between annual malaria incidence and selected climatic covariates at a district level [...] 1988-1999. RESULTS: Considerable inter-annual variations were observed...
Target product profile choices for intra-domiciliary malaria vector control pesticide products: repel or kill? (Publications)
BACKGROUND: The most common pesticide products for controlling malaria-transmitting mosquitoes combine two distinct modes of action: 1) conventional insecticidal activity which kills mosquitoes exposed [...] mosquitoes to non-users rather than killing them outright. METHODS: A process-explicit model of malaria transmission is described which captures the sequential interaction between deterrent and toxic actions
Spatio-temporal malaria transmission patterns in Navrongo demographic surveillance site, northern Ghana (Publications)
BACKGROUND: The relationship between entomological measures of malaria transmission intensity and mortality remains uncertain. This is partly because transmission is heterogeneous even within small ge [...] analysed data from Kassena-Nankana districts in northern Ghana to obtain small area estimates of malaria transmission rates allowing for this uncertainty.METHODS: Independent Bayesian geostatistical models [...] mosquito densities.CONCLUSION: This study confirms the presence of...