Traffic-related air pollution and noise and children's blood pressure: results from the PIAMA birth cohort study (Publications)
mass concentrations of particulate matter with diameters of less than 2.5 microm (PM2.5) and less than 10 microm (PM10), and PM2.5 absorbance] at the participants' home and school addresses at the time [...] presented for an interquartile range increase in exposure. RESULTS: Long-term exposure to NO2 and PM2.5 absorbance were associated with increased diastolic blood pressure, in children who lived at the same
Maximizing microscopy as a diagnostic tool in peripheral health centres of BU endemic areas in Ghana (Publications)
between the two chemical tested; 5% phenol in 4% ammonium sulphate (PhAS) and 3.5% NaHOCl was significant (p 0.05). This study concluded that BU samples treated with a solution of 5% phenol in 4% ammonium sulphate [...] conventional method was 58% (46/80) smears. The highest positivity rate of 57/80 (%) was by protocol 7 (5% phenol in 4% ammonium sulphate (PhAS) and concentrated by overnight gravitational sedimentation). The
Outcomes of antiretroviral treatment programs in rural Southern Africa (Publications)
died, and 1319 (18.1%) were LTFU. At 3 years, the cumulative incidence of death and LTFU were 12.5% (11.5%-13.5%) and 25.4% (24.0%-26.9%), respectively, with important differences between countries as follows: [...] and World Health Organization stage at start of ART are reported. RESULTS: Among 7725 patients, 449 (5.8%) did not return after initiation of ART. During 9575 person-years, 698 (9.6%) of those with at least
Pharmacology of DB844, an orally active aza analogue of pafuramidine, in a monkey model of second stage human African trypanosomiasis (Publications)
during the 300 days of post treatment monitoring, resulting in a cure rate of 3/8 (37.5%) and 3/7 (42.9%) for the 5 mg/kg×10 days and the 6 mg/kg×14 days dose regimens respectively. These DB844 efficacy [...] nervous system (CNS). The pharmacology of a potential orally available lead compound, N-methoxy-6-{5-[4-(N-methoxyamidino) phenyl]-furan-2-yl}-nicotinamidine (DB844), was evaluated in a vervet monkey model [...] Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense KETRI 2537. DB844 was absorbed and converted to...
The prevalence of syphilis infection and its associated factors in the general population of Rwanda: a national household-based survey (Publications)
females was 5.9% (95% CI: 3.4-10.0). HIV-infected or concurrent sexual partners was associated with increased syphilis prevalence with aOR = 4.2 (95% CI: 2.5-7.2) and aOR = 4.2 (95% CI: 2.8-6.5), respectively [...] CI: 0.4-0.9)). Women with lower education had a higher prevalence of syphilis (1.2% (95% CI: 0.9-1.5)) compared to others (0.4% (95% CI: 0.2-0.8)). This prevalence among HIV-infected people was six times
Prevalence of malaria across Papua New Guinea after initial roll-out of insecticide-treated mosquito nets (Publications)
average of 12.1% (95% CI 9.5, 15.3) in the national sample. More people were infected with Plasmodium falciparum (7.0%; 95% CI 5.4, 9.1) than with P. vivax (3.8%; 95% CI 2.4, 5.7) or P. malariae (0.3%; 95% [...] 95% CI 0.1, 0.6). Parasitaemia was strongly age-dependent with a P. falciparum peak at age 5-9 years and a P. vivax peak at age 1-4 years, yet with differences between geographical regions. Individual
Increase in airway obstruction between 1993 and 2012 in Switzerland: an observational study (Publications)
prevalence increased between 1993 and 2012 from 6.1% (95% CI: 5.5 to 6.7) to 15.6% (95% CI: 13.8 to 17.3) based on GLI, and from 5.3% (95% CI: 4.7 to 5.9) to 15.4% (95% CI: 13.6 to 17.1) based on Hankinson estimates
Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and risk of leukemia and lymphoma in a pooled European cohort (Publications)
ions of fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)), nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)), black carbon (BC) and ozone (O(3)) at residences. We also estimated concentrations of PM(2.5) elemental components: copper (Cu), iron [...] population. Further, the results showed increased lymphoma HRs for PM(2.5) (HR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.02-1.34) and potassium content of PM(2.5), which were consistent in two-pollutant models and according to sex
Global, regional, and national burden of meningitis and its aetiologies, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (Publications)
largest reduction in the number of deaths among children younger than 5 years (76·5% [69·5-81·8]), followed by N meningitidis (72·3% [64·4-78·5]) and viruses (58·2% [47·1-67·3]). INTERPRETATION: Substantial progress [...] in children younger than 5 years, with 112 000 deaths (87 400-145 000) and 1·28 million incident cases (0·947-1·71) in 2019. Age-standardised mortality rates decreased from 7·5 (6·6-8·4) per 100 000 population
Measuring the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: a baseline analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 (Publications)
improved by a median of 7.9 (IQR 5.0-10.4), and gains on the MDG index (a median change of 10.0 [6.7-13.1]) exceeded that of the non-MDG index (a median change of 5.5 [2.1-8.9]). Since 2000, pronounced [...] index was 59.3 (95% uncertainty interval 56.8-61.8) and varied widely by country, ranging from 85.5 (84.2-86.5) in Iceland to 20.4 (15.4-24.9) in Central African Republic. SDI was a good predictor of the [...] pronounced progress occurred for indicators such as met need with modern...