Temporal variations in the short-term effects of ambient air pollution on cardiovascular and respiratory mortality: a pooled analysis of 380 urban... (Publications)
PM(2·5), or NO(2) and mortality. However, the risk of cardiovascular mortality increased from 0·37% (95% CI -0·05 to 0·80) in 1998 to 0·85% (0·55 to 1·16) in 2012 with a 10 μg/m(3) increase in PM(2·5). [...] BACKGROUND: Ambient air pollution, including particulate matter (such as PM(10) and PM(2·5)) and nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)), has been linked to increases in mortality. Whether populations' vulnerability [...] database. We applied a two-stage approach to analyse the short-term effects of...
Europe-wide high-spatial resolution air pollution models are improved by including traffic flow estimates on all roads (Publications)
models for NO2, PM10, PM2.5, and O3, especially for NO2 (3% improvement of geographically-weighted regression model). Improvement of model performance was larger in urban areas (5% and 8% increases in R2 [...] annual average daily traffic (AADT) from six European countries. We evaluated our AADT models using 5-fold cross-validation (CV) and by comparison of our Europe-wide traffic flow estimates with national [...] improved the performance of the models based upon major road length in different...
Spatial mapping and prediction of <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> infection risk among school-aged children in Côte d'Ivoire (Publications)
kriging. RESULTS: Complete data sets were available from 5,322 children aged 5-16 years across Cote d'Ivoire. P. falciparum was the predominant species (94.5 %). The Bayesian geostatistical variable selection [...] cross-sectional survey was conducted, including parasitological examinations and interviews with more than 5,000 children from 93 schools across Cote d'Ivoire. A finger-prick blood sample was obtained from each
Air pollution and cardiovascular mortality with over 25 years follow-up: a combined analysis of two British cohorts (Publications)
[95% CI: 0.70-1.92] for PM10 and 1.30 [95% CI: 0.39-4.34] for PM2.5, with largest effects seen in the fourth quartile of BS and PM2.5 compared to the first with HR 1.24 [95% CI: 0.91-1.61] and 1.21 [95% [...] Pollution (ESCAPE), air pollution estimates in 2010-11 were obtained for NO2, NOx, PM10, PMcoarse and PM2.5. The exposure estimates were assigned to place of residence 1989 for participants in a national birth [...] non-significant hazard ratios for CVD mortality were seen with 1991 BS and...
Recent HIV-1 infection: identification of individuals with high viral load setpoint in a voluntary counselling and testing centre in rural Mozambique (Publications)
significantly higher HIV-viral load at all visits with a median HIV-RNA setpoint of 5.22 log(10) copies/mL (IQR 5.18-5.47) as compared to the median of 4.15 log(10) copies/ml (IQR 3.37-4.43) for the other [...] of HIV-RNA-setpoint may serve to identify recently infected individuals maintaining HIV viral load> 5 log10 copies/mL as candidates for antiretroviral treatment as prevention interventions
Community-based wound management in a rural setting of Côte d'Ivoire (Publications)
age was 10 years (IQR 7-15), 63.0% of patients were male. Almost all (99.5%, 870/874) wounds closed within the observation period, 5.3% (49/923) were lost to follow-up. Wounds primarily treated in C, HC and [...] and DH presented with secondary bacterial infections in 10.3% (36/350), 31.0% (133/429) and 100% (5/5) of cases, respectively. Recapturing was required in 68.3% (630/923) of wounds with participants reporting
A cohort study of survival following discharge from hospital in rural Tanzanian children using linked data of admissions with community-based... (Publications)
surveillance were used to describe post-discharge mortality and survival probability in children aged < 5 years, by age group and cause of admission. Cox regression models were developed to identify risk factors [...] RESULTS: Between March 2003 and March 2007, demographic surveillance included 28,910 children aged 0 to 5 years and among them 831 (3%) were admitted at least once to the district hospital. From all the children [...] years and 1381 deaths were observed in 24 months of follow up....
Investigating the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and greenness with mortality from neurological, cardio-metabolic and chronic... (Publications)
collected socioeconomic and mortality data for 1035 municipal units from the 2011 Census. Annual PM2.5, NO2, BC and O3 concentrations for 2010 were predicted at 100x100m grids by hybrid land use regression [...] We assessed interactions between pollutants and greenness. An interquartile range increase in PM2.5, NO2 and BC was associated with increased risk in mortality from diseases of the nervous system (relative [...] 1.14, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.18); 1.02 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.04); 1.02 (95% CI: 1.00,...
Quality assurance of rapid diagnostic tests for malaria in routine patient care in rural Tanzania (Publications)
of the study team. Ten thousand six hundred fifty (10,650) patients were tested with RDTs, and 51.5% (5,488/10,650) had a positive test result. Blood smear results were available for 3,914 patients, of [...] for P. falciparum malaria. Overall RDT sensitivity was 90.7% (range by facility 85.7-96.5%) and specificity was 73.5% (range 50.0-84.3%). Sensitivity increased with increasing parasite density. Successful
Spatial variation and land use regression modeling of the oxidative potential of fine particles (Publications)
and to develop and evaluate LUR models to assess long-term exposure to the OP of PM2.5. METHODS: Three 2-week PM2.5 samples were collected at 10 regional background, 12 urban background, and 18 street [...] model predictions were moderately to highly correlated with predictions from a previously published PM2.5 model (R2 = 0.37-0.52), and highly correlated with predictions from previously published models of traffic [...] of the two OP metrics. The moderate correlations among the predictions of...
