The use of morbidity questionnaires to identify communities with high prevalence of geohelminth infections in Gondar region, Ethiopia (Publications)
65-8.20)] and 'intestinal worms' [OR 4.72 (95% CI: 4.27-5.22)]. Reported 'diarrhoea' was the best answer for T. trichiura [OR: 4.58 (95% CI: 3.98-5.27)]. Among schools, there were similar associations between [...] value: 71.7%) and A. lumbrocoides (sensitivity: 91.8%, specificity: 50.0%, positive predictive value: 75.5%, negative predictive value: 64.3%). These results indicate the potential of using reported 'worms'
Decline in air pollution and change in prevalence in respiratory symptoms and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in elderly women (Publications)
cough with phlegm and mild COPD was estimated at 21.4% and 39.5%, respectively, if no air pollution reduction was assumed, and at 13.3% and 17.5%, respectively, if air pollution reduction was assumed. CONCLUSION: [...] chronic cough with phlegm production and mild COPD at baseline investigation compared to follow-up was 9.5% vs. 13.3% and 8.6% vs. 18.2%, respectively. A steeper decline of PM10 was observed in the industrialized
Allergic rhinitis and onset of bronchial hyperresponsiveness: a population-based study (Publications)
in subjects with allergic rhinitis and 7.0% in subjects with atopy but no rhinitis, compared with 5.5% in subjects without allergic rhinitis and atopy (respective odds ratios [OR] and their 95% confidence [...] were particularly at increased risk of developing BHR (ORs [95% CI], 7.90 [3.48-17.93] and 2.84 [1.36-5.93], respectively). Conversely, in subjects with BHR at baseline (n = 372), 35.3% of those with allergic
Efficacy, safety, and dose of pafuramidine, a new oral drug for treatment of first stage sleeping sickness, in a phase 2a clinical study and phase 2b... (Publications)
cept study where 32 patients were treated with 100 mg of pafuramidine orally twice a day (BID) for 5 days at two trypanosomiasis reference centers (Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo [DRC]) [...] efficacy to pentamidine after 10 days of dosing. The cure rates 3 months post-treatment were 79% in the 5-day pafuramidine, 100% in the 7-day pentamidine, and 93% in the 10-day pafuramidine groups. In Phase [...] adverse event was notably higher after pentamidine treatment (93%) than...
The contribution of spatial analysis to understanding HIV/TB mortality in children: a structural equation modelling approach (Publications)
relayed on a conceptual framework. Results: Fifty-four of 6,692 children aged 1-5 years died of HIV/TB, from a total of 5,084 households. Maternal death had the greatest effect on child HIV/TB mortality [...] determinants and their spatial distribution in the rural Agincourt sub-district for children aged 1-5 years in 2004. Our secondary aim was to model how the associated factors were interrelated as either
Cause-specific childhood mortality in Africa and Asia: evidence from INDEPTH health and demographic surveillance system sites (Publications)
BACKGROUND: Childhood mortality, particularly in the first 5 years of life, is a major global concern and the target of Millennium Development Goal 4. Although the majority of childhood deaths occur in [...] mortality fractions are presented according to WHO 2012 VA cause groups for neonatal, infant, 1-4 year and 5-14 year age groups. RESULTS: A total of 28,751 childhood deaths were documented during 4,387,824 pe [...] person-years over 18 sites. Infant mortality ranged from 11 to 78 per 1,000...
Associations of preconception exposure to air pollution and greenness with offspring asthma and hay fever (Publications)
Health in Northern Europe, Spain and Australia (RHINESSA) generation study. Mean particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), black carbon (BC), ozone (O3) (µg/m3) and greenness (normalized [...] stratified by parental lines, and adjusted for grandparental asthma and education). Maternal medium PM2.5 and PM10 exposure was associated with higher offspring asthma risk (odds ratio (OR) 2.23, 95%CI 1.32–3 [...] medium O3 exposure (OR 4.15, 95%CI 1.28–13.50) and mothers with high...
Malaria infection prevalence and sensitivity of reactive case detection in Zanzibar (Publications)
households and 0.4% of those residing in non-index households tested positive (OR = 8.4; 95%CI: 5.7, 12.5). Of 6,281 participants tested by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), 8.4% of those residing [...] within 50 m of the index household as compared with those located farther away (OR = 0.8, 95%CI: 0.5, 1.4). Sensitivity of RDT to detect qPCR-detectable infections was 34% (95%CI: 26.4, 42.3). CONCLUSIONS:
Aetiology of fever in returning travelers and migrants: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Publications)
ratios demonstrated that splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia and hyperbilirubinemia were respectively 5-14, 3-11 and 5-7 times more likely in malaria than non-malaria patients. High variability of results between [...] extraction. Tropical infections accounted for 33% of fever diagnoses, with malaria causing 22%, dengue 5% and enteric fever 2%. Non-tropical infections accounted for 36% of febrile cases, with acute gastr
Improving community coverage of oral cholera mass vaccination campaigns: lessons learned in Zanzibar (Publications)
prominent barrier to uptake was competing obligations or priorities (reported by 74.5%, identified as most important barrier by 49.5%). Next most prominent barriers were lacking information about the campaign [...] campaign (29.6%, 12.2%), sickness (14.3%, 13.3%) and fear of possible vaccine side effects (15.3%, 5.6%). The majority of unvaccinated respondents requested repetition of the vaccination with free OCVs.CONCLU