Child survival gains in Tanzania: analysis of data from demographic and health surveys (Publications)
reduction in mortality in children younger than 5 years in Tanzania between 2000 and 2004. In 1990, the point estimate of mortality was 141.5 (95% CI 141.5-141.5) deaths per 1000 livebirths. This was reduced [...] recent national survey in Tanzania reported that mortality in children younger than 5 years dropped by 24% over the 5 years between 2000 and 2004. We aimed to investigate yearly changes to identify what [...] health surveys done in Tanzania since 1990 to generate estimates of mortality...
Child survival gains in Tanzania: analysis of data from demographic and health surveys (Publications)
reduction in mortality in children younger than 5 years in Tanzania between 2000 and 2004. In 1990, the point estimate of mortality was 141.5 (95% CI 141.5-141.5) deaths per 1000 livebirths. This was reduced [...] recent national survey in Tanzania reported that mortality in children younger than 5 years dropped by 24% over the 5 years between 2000 and 2004. We aimed to investigate yearly changes to identify what [...] health surveys done in Tanzania since 1990 to generate estimates of mortality...
Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (Publications)
[1·8-34·9]), high systolic blood pressure (6·7% [2·5-11·6]), lead exposure (6·5% [4·5-11·2]), and diet low in omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (5·3% [0·5-10·5]). INTERPRETATION: Stroke burden has increased [...] ischaemic heart disease and COVID-19, and the fourth most common cause of DALYs (160·5 million [147·8-171·6] DALYs; 5·6% [5·0-6·1] of all DALYs). In 2021, there were 93·8 million (89·0-99·3) prevalent and [...] e constituted 5·8% (5·7-6·0) of incident strokes. There were substantial...
Association between exposure to multiple air pollutants, transportation noise and cause-specific mortality in adults in Switzerland (Publications)
exposures including the PM(2.5) components were associated with natural mortality, with hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 1.026 (1.015, 1.038) per 5 microg/m(3) PM(2.5), 1.050 (1.041, 1.059) per [...] per 0.5 x 10(-5)/m BC and 1.045 (1.040, 1.049) per 10 dB Lden total transportation noise. NO(2), BC, Cu, Fe and noise were consistently associated with CVD and respiratory mortality, whereas PM(2.5) was [...] with CVD mortality. Natural mortality associations persisted < 20 microg/m(3)...
Long term exposure to air pollution and kidney parenchyma cancer - effects of low-level air pollution: a study in Europe (ELAPSE) (Publications)
during 5,497,514 person-years of follow-up (average 18.2 years). Median (5-95%) exposure levels of NO(2), PM(2.5), BC and O(3) were 24.1 μg/m(3) (12.8-39.2), 15.3 μg/m(3) (8.6-19.2), 1.6 10(-5) m(-1) (0 [...] interval [CI]: 0.92, 1.15) per 10 μg/m³ NO(2), 1.04 (95% CI: 0.88, 1.21) per 5 μg/m³ PM(2.5), 0.99 (95% CI: 0.89, 1.11) per 0.5 10(-5) m(-1) BCE, and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.76, 1.02) per 10 μg/m³ O(3). We did not [...] residential exposure to fine particles (PM(2.5)), nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)),...
Long-term air pollution exposure and Parkinson's disease mortality in a large pooled European cohort: an ELAPSE study (Publications)
mortality and PM(2.5) (hazard ratio per 5 microg/m(3): 1.25; 95% confidence interval: 1.01-1.55), NO(2) (1.13; 0.95-1.34 per 10 microg/m(3)), and BC (1.12; 0.94-1.34 per 0.5 x 10(-5)m(-1)), and a negative [...] ly significant in models with PM(2.5). We detected suggestive positive associations with the potassium component of PM(2.5). CONCLUSION: Long-term exposure to PM(2.5), at levels well below current EU air [...] residential concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)), nitrogen...
Association between exposure to multiple air pollutants, transportation noise and cause-specific mortality in adults in Switzerland (Publications)
exposures including the PM(2.5) components were associated with natural mortality, with hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 1.026 (1.015, 1.038) per 5 microg/m(3) PM(2.5), 1.050 (1.041, 1.059) per [...] per 0.5 x 10(-5)/m BC and 1.045 (1.040, 1.049) per 10 dB Lden total transportation noise. NO(2), BC, Cu, Fe and noise were consistently associated with CVD and respiratory mortality, whereas PM(2.5) was [...] with CVD mortality. Natural mortality associations persisted < 20 microg/m(3)...
Long-term air pollution exposure and Parkinson's disease mortality in a large pooled European cohort: an ELAPSE study (Publications)
mortality and PM(2.5) (hazard ratio per 5 microg/m(3): 1.25; 95% confidence interval: 1.01-1.55), NO(2) (1.13; 0.95-1.34 per 10 microg/m(3)), and BC (1.12; 0.94-1.34 per 0.5 x 10(-5)m(-1)), and a negative [...] ly significant in models with PM(2.5). We detected suggestive positive associations with the potassium component of PM(2.5). CONCLUSION: Long-term exposure to PM(2.5), at levels well below current EU air [...] residential concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)), nitrogen...
Long term exposure to air pollution and kidney parenchyma cancer - effects of low-level air pollution: a study in Europe (ELAPSE) (Publications)
during 5,497,514 person-years of follow-up (average 18.2 years). Median (5-95%) exposure levels of NO(2), PM(2.5), BC and O(3) were 24.1 μg/m(3) (12.8-39.2), 15.3 μg/m(3) (8.6-19.2), 1.6 10(-5) m(-1) (0 [...] interval [CI]: 0.92, 1.15) per 10 μg/m³ NO(2), 1.04 (95% CI: 0.88, 1.21) per 5 μg/m³ PM(2.5), 0.99 (95% CI: 0.89, 1.11) per 0.5 10(-5) m(-1) BCE, and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.76, 1.02) per 10 μg/m³ O(3). We did not [...] residential exposure to fine particles (PM(2.5)), nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)),...
Performance of multi-cities land use regression models for nitrogen dioxide and fine particles (Publications)
for NO2, 86% for PM2.5 and 70% for PM2.5 absorbance. The HV R2s were only slightly lower than the model R2 (NO2: 54%, PM2.5: 80%, absorbance: 70%). The European NO2, PM2.5 and PM2.5 absorbance models explained [...] development. METHODS: We evaluated LUR models for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and Particulate Matter (PM2.5, PM2.5 absorbance) by combining standardized measurement data from 17 (PM) and 23 (NO2) ESCAPE study areas [...] fraction of variability in areas which were excluded from model...