Efficacy and safety of a single-dose mebendazole 500 mg chewable, rapidly-disintegrating tablet for <em>Ascaris lumbricoides</em> and <em>Trichuris... (Publications)
lumbricoides (97.9% [95% CI: 94.4; 99.9] versus 19.2% [95% CI: -5.9; 41.5]; P < 0.001) and T. trichiura (59.7% [95% CI: 33.9; 78.8] versus 10.5% [95% CI: -16.8; 32.9]; P = 0.003). Treatment-emergent adverse [...] 74.2%; 90.8%] versus 11.1% [9/81; 95% CI: 5.2%; 20.1%], P < 0.001) and for T. trichiura (33.9% [42/124; 95% CI: 25.6%; 42.9%] versus 7.6% [9/119; 95% CI: 3.5%; 13.9%], P < 0.001). Egg reduction rates [...] adverse events (TEAEs) in MBZ group occurred in 6.3% (9/144) of patients during...
Long-term exposure to elemental components of fine particulate matter and all-natural and cause-specific mortality in a Danish nationwide... (Publications)
BACKGROUND: Fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) is a well-recognized risk factor for premature death. However, evidence on which PM(2.5) components are most relevant is unclear. METHODS: We evaluated the [...] the associations between mortality and long-term exposure to eight PM(2.5) elemental components [copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), sulfur (S), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), silicon (Si), and potassium (K)] [...] regression models at a 100 x 100 m scale to estimate the residential annual mean...
A prospective evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of the point-of-care VISITECT CD4 Advanced Disease test in seven countries (Publications)
301-500, and > 500 cells/µl, VISITECT misclassified 4.5% (95% CI 2.5-7.2%), 12.5 (95% CI 8.0-18.2%), 74.1% (95% CI 67.0-80.5%), 48.0% (95% CI 42.5-53.6%), and 22.6% (95% CI 19.3-26.3%), respectively. [...] RESULTS: Among 1604 participants, the median flow cytometry CD4 was 367 (IQR 128-626) cells/µl and 521 (32.5%) had a CD4 ≤200 cells/µl. VISITECT sensitivity was 92.7% (483/521, 95% CI 90.1-94.7%) and specificity
Attitudes, practices, and determinants of community care-seeking behaviours for fever/malaria episodes in the context of the implementation of... (Publications)
fever. Geographical proximity (AOR = 1.5, 95% CI 1.2-2.1), having a child under five (AOR = 4.6, 95% CI 3.2-6.7), being pregnant (AOR = 6.5, 95% CI 1.9-22.5), and living in an urban area (AOR = 2.8, 95% [...] sought advice or treatment, and 66.5% did so within 24 h of fever onset. 76.4% of participants preferred to seek treatment from health centres as the first recourse to care, 5.8% were treated at home with remaining [...] Multivariate analysis identified less than 5 km distance travelled...
Attitudes, practices, and determinants of community care-seeking behaviours for fever/malaria episodes in the context of the implementation of... (Publications)
fever. Geographical proximity (AOR = 1.5, 95% CI 1.2-2.1), having a child under five (AOR = 4.6, 95% CI 3.2-6.7), being pregnant (AOR = 6.5, 95% CI 1.9-22.5), and living in an urban area (AOR = 2.8, 95% [...] sought advice or treatment, and 66.5% did so within 24 h of fever onset. 76.4% of participants preferred to seek treatment from health centres as the first recourse to care, 5.8% were treated at home with remaining [...] Multivariate analysis identified less than 5 km distance travelled...
Nutritional status of Tajik children and women: transition towards a double burden of malnutrition (Publications)
iron deficiency and anaemia was 38.0% and 25.8%, respectively; 64.5% of women were iodine deficient, 46.5% vitamin A deficient, and 20.5% had insufficient folate levels. Women in rural areas had significantly [...] and population. Here, we explore the nutritional status of Tajik women (15-49 years) and children (5-59 months) focusing on overweight/obesity along with undernutrition (underweight, stunting, and mic [...] weaning, and breastfeeding habits were recorded using a 24-hr recall and a...
Beyond malaria: causes of fever in outpatient Tanzanian children (Publications)
symptoms or signs) in 11.9%, malaria in 10.5%, gastroenteritis in 10.3%, urinary tract infection in 5.9%, typhoid fever in 3.7%, skin or mucosal infection in 1.5%, and meningitis in 0.2%. The cause of fever [...] Of 1005 children (22.6% of whom had multiple diagnoses), 62.2% had an acute respiratory infection; 5.0% of these infections were radiologically confirmed pneumonia. A systemic bacterial, viral, or parasitic [...] fever was undetermined in 3.2% of the children. A total of 70.5% of the...
A pilot study characterizing real time exposures to particulate matter and carbon monoxide from cookstove related woodsmoke in rural Peru (Publications)
Cajamarca Region, Peru. Real time personal particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ?2.5 ?m (PM2.5), and personal and kitchen carbon monoxide (CO) samples were taken. Control households used a number [...] personal PM2.5 exposures were correlated with personal CO exposures during lunch (r = 0.67 p = 0.024 n = 11) and dinner (r = 0.72 p = 0.0011 n = 17) in all study households. Personal PM2.5 exposures and [...] pollution (HAP) due to long hours spent in close proximity to unvented cooking...
Dog ownership enhances symptomatic responses to air pollution in children with asthma (Publications)
exposure to nitrogen dioxide, ozone, particulate matter < 10, 2.5, and 10-2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10, PM2.5, and PM10-2.5, respectively), elemental and organic carbon, and acid vapor from [...] bronchitic symptoms and all pollutants examined. Odds ratios ranged from 1.30 per 4.2 microg/m3 for PM10-2.5 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.91-1.87) to 1.91 per 1.2 microg/m3 for organic carbon (95% CI, 1.34-2
Ownership and usage of mosquito nets after four years of large-scale free distribution in Papua New Guinea (Publications)
mosquito net. Overall usage by household members amounted to 32.5% for LLINs and 44.3% for nets in general. Amongst children under five years, 39.5% used a LLIN and 51.8% any type of net, whereas 41.3% of pregnant [...] increased from 9.4% to 88.7%, ownership of any net from 52.7% to 94.1%. Usage of LLINs increased from 5.5% to 55.1%, usage of any net from 37.3% to 66.7%. Among children under five years, usage of LLINs and [...] was the key determinant of net ownership, while usage was mainly...