Ecologists can enable communities to implement malaria vector control in Africa (Publications)
BACKGROUND: Integrated vector management (IVM) for malaria control requires ecological skills that are very scarce and rarely applied in Africa today. Partnerships between communities and academic ecologists [...] programme at grassroots level, which was subsequently upgraded and expanded into a pilot scale Urban Malaria Control Programme with support from national academic institutes. RESULTS: Both programmes now access [...] ed implementation and operational research opportunities. The...
Design and pre-clinical profiling of a <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> MSP-3 derived component for a multi-valent virosomal malaria vaccine (Publications)
BACKGROUND: Clinical profiling of two components for a synthetic peptide-based virosomal malaria vaccine has yielded promising results, encouraging the search for additional components for inclusion in [...] is suitable for use in humans and represents a candidate component for a virosomal multi-valent malaria subunit vaccine
Intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in Papua New Guinean infants exposed to <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> and <em>P. vivax</em>: a... (Publications)
(PE) against all episodes of clinical malaria from 3 to 15 mo of age. Analysis was by modified intention to treat. The PE (compared to placebo) against clinical malaria episodes (caused by all species) was [...] No rebound in malaria morbidity was observed for 6 mo following the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: IPTi using a long half-life drug combination is efficacious for the prevention of malaria and anemia in infants [...] Intermittent preventive treatment in infants (IPTi) has been shown in...
Impact of promoting longer-lasting insecticide treatment of bed nets upon malaria transmission in a rural Tanzanian setting with pre-existing high... (Publications)
experienced extremely high malaria transmission in the 1990s. By 2001-03, following high usage rates (75% of all age groups) of untreated bed nets, a 4.2-fold reduction in malaria transmission intensity was [...] Anopheles arabiensis was only 38%. CONCLUSION: Insecticide treatment of nets reduced the intensity of malaria transmission in addition to that achieved by the untreated nets alone. Impacts were most pronounced
Estimation of heterogeneity in malaria transmission by stochastic modelling of apparent deviations from mass action kinetics (Publications)
BACKGROUND: Quantifying heterogeneity in malaria transmission is a prerequisite for accurate predictive mathematical models, but the variance in field measurements of exposure overestimates true micro [...] challenge by infectious vectors. This appears to violate the principle of mass action that is implied by malaria biology. Micro-heterogeneity may be the reason for this anomaly. It is proposed that the level of [...] exposure. METHODS: The relationship between the entomological inoculation...
Measures of clinical malaria in field trials of interventions against <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> (Publications)
IIb or III malaria vaccine trials were simulated corresponding to each of a pre-erythrocytic, blood stage, and anti-disease vaccine, each in a population with 80% prevalence of patent malaria infection [...] BACKGROUND: Standard methods for defining clinical malaria in intervention trials in endemic areas do not guarantee that efficacy estimates will be unbiased, and do not indicate whether the intervention [...] between morbidity and parasite density and the performance of different case...
Towards malaria elimination: a new thematic series (Publications)
launch of a new thematic series of Malaria Journal -- "Towards malaria elimination" -- creates the forum that allows carrying scientific evidence on how to achieve malaria elimination in specific endemic
A research agenda for malaria eradication: monitoring, evaluation, and surveillance (Publications)
how well public health programs operate over time and achieve their goals. As countries approach malaria elimination, these activities will need to shift from measuring reductions in morbidity and mortality [...] there is a clear need to systematically review the information from past elimination efforts for malaria and other infectious diseases
Evaluating the effectiveness of IPTi on malaria using routine health information from sentinel health centres in southern Tanzania (Publications)
of IPTi on malaria, anaemia, and all-cause attendance in children aged 2-11 months presenting to 11 health centres in southern Tanzania is described. METHODS: Clinical diagnosis of malaria was confirmed [...] BACKGROUND: Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in infants (IPTi) consists of the administration of a treatment dose of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) at the time of routine vaccinations. The
Rapid urban malaria appraisal (RUMA) in sub-Saharan Africa (Publications)
BACKGROUND: The rapid urban malaria appraisal (RUMA) methodology aims to provide a cost-effective tool to conduct rapid assessments of the malaria situation in urban sub-Saharan Africa and to improve the [...] site, providing a good overview of the malaria situation. School and health facility-based surveys provided an overview of local endemicity and the overall malaria burden in different city areas. This helped [...] the understanding of urban malaria epidemiology. METHODS: This work was done...