Recent HIV-1 infection: identification of individuals with high viral load setpoint in a voluntary counselling and testing centre in rural Mozambique (Publications)
significantly higher HIV-viral load at all visits with a median HIV-RNA setpoint of 5.22 log(10) copies/mL (IQR 5.18-5.47) as compared to the median of 4.15 log(10) copies/ml (IQR 3.37-4.43) for the other [...] of HIV-RNA-setpoint may serve to identify recently infected individuals maintaining HIV viral load> 5 log10 copies/mL as candidates for antiretroviral treatment as prevention interventions
Prevalence rates of six selected infectious diseases among African migrants and refugees: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Publications)
hepatitis B, and hepatitis C of 6.0% [95% CI: 2.0-7.0%], 13.0% [95% CI: 9.5-14.5%], 14.0% [95% CI: 13.0-17.0%], 15.0% [95% CI: 10.5-21.0%], 10.0% [95% CI: 6.0-14.0%], and 3.0% [95% CI: 1.0-4.0%], respectively [...] respectively. We found high heterogeneity regardless of the disease (I 2; minimum 97.5%, maximum 99.7%). The relatively high prevalence of some infectious diseases among African migrants/refugees warrants for
Cumulative antibiotic exposure in the first five years of life: estimates for 45 low- and middle-income countries from demographic and health survey... (Publications)
febrile and 32.9% of non-febrile illness (95% CI: 32.4-33.5) episodes received antibiotics. In their first five years, we estimate children received 18.5 antibiotics treatments on average (IQR: 11.6-24.6) in [...] median of 9.0% of antibiotic treatment was attributable to informal care (IQR: 5.9-21.2), and 16.9% to self-medication (IQR: 9.5-26.2). CONCLUSIONS: Childhood antibiotic exposure is high in some LMICs, with
Long-term air pollution exposure and pneumonia related mortality in a large pooled European cohort (Publications)
included unity [hazard ratios: 1.12 (0.99-1.26) per 10 microg/m(3) for NO2; 1.10 (0.97-1.24) per 0.5 10(-5)m(-1) for BC]. Associations with pneumonia and ALRI mortality were almost identical. We detected [...] European countries. Annual mean residential concentrations in 2010 for fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), black carbon (BC), and ozone (O3) were estimated using Europe-wide hybrid [...] pneumonia and influenza combined, 682 from pneumonia, and 695 from ALRI during a...
Socioeconomic inequalities in cervical precancer screening among women in Ethiopia, Malawi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe: analysis of... (Publications)
their inequalities in percentage points, with differences of 20%+ defined as high inequality, 5%-20% as medium, 0%-5% as low. RESULTS: The sample size of participants ranged from 5882 in Ethiopia to 9186 in [...] screening rates were low in the surveyed countries, ranging from 3.5% (95% CI 3.1% to 4.0%) in Rwanda to 17.1% (95% CI 15.8% to 18.5%) and 17.4% (95% CI 16.1% to 18.8%) in Zambia and Zimbabwe. Inequalities
Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and risk of leukemia and lymphoma in a pooled European cohort (Publications)
ions of fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)), nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)), black carbon (BC) and ozone (O(3)) at residences. We also estimated concentrations of PM(2.5) elemental components: copper (Cu), iron [...] population. Further, the results showed increased lymphoma HRs for PM(2.5) (HR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.02-1.34) and potassium content of PM(2.5), which were consistent in two-pollutant models and according to sex
Spatial mapping and prediction of <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> infection risk among school-aged children in Côte d'Ivoire (Publications)
kriging. RESULTS: Complete data sets were available from 5,322 children aged 5-16 years across Cote d'Ivoire. P. falciparum was the predominant species (94.5 %). The Bayesian geostatistical variable selection [...] cross-sectional survey was conducted, including parasitological examinations and interviews with more than 5,000 children from 93 schools across Cote d'Ivoire. A finger-prick blood sample was obtained from each
Risk factors for new infection with Leptospira in meat workers in New Zealand (Publications)
and hide removal; relative risk, RR 7.5, 95% CI 2.5 to 22.4), followed by positions on the line involving the removal of high-risk material (bladder, and kidneys; RR 5.2, 95% CI 1.7 to 16.0). Risk was lower [...] against either serovar. While in sheep meat workers, the annual infection risk was 11.3% (95% CI 8.5% to 14.8%), in deer meat workers it was 0% (95% CI 0.0% to 10.9%) and in those processing beef cattle
Genetic similarity of hepatitis C virus and fibrosis progression in chronic and recurrent infection after liver transplantation (Publications)
Core region genetic relatedness 5-year post-transplantation and histological severity of recurrent hepatitis C. We have compared nucleotide sequences of HCV Core, NS3 and NS5b regions in HCV-1b-infected patients [...] fibrosis progression. The same results were obtained when analysing phylogenetic trees for Core, NS3 and NS5b regions. A more appropriate clustering method (using minimum spanning networks) revealed a significant [...] significant positive relationship between HCV genetic...
Rhinitis in Swiss adults is associated with asthma and early life factors, but not second hand tobacco smoke or obesity (Publications)
2%) and non-allergic rhinitis 323 (5.5%). The risk of allergic rhinitis was increased in subjects with physician diagnosed asthma (Relative Risk Ratio 6.81; 95%CI 5.39, 8.6), maternal atopy (1.56; 1.27 [...] of non-allergic rhinitis was also increased in subjects with physician diagnosed asthma (4.02; 2.86, 5.67), reduced in males (0.59; 0.46, 0.77), but not associated with upbringing on a farm or older siblings