Ambient particulate air pollution and daily mortality in 652 cities (Publications)
aerodynamic diameter of 10 mum or less (PM10) and fine PM with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 mum or less (PM2.5) with daily all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality across multiple countries [...] daily respiratory mortality. The corresponding increases in daily mortality for the same change in PM2.5 concentration were 0.68% (95% CI, 0.59 to 0.77), 0.55% (95% CI, 0.45 to 0.66), and 0.74% (95% CI, 0 [...] s. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show independent associations between short-term...
Long-term exposure to road traffic noise, ambient air pollution, and cardiovascular risk factors in the HUNT and lifelines cohorts (Publications)
(IQR) higher day-time noise (5.1 dB(A)) was associated with 1.1% [95% confidence interval (95% CI: 0.02-2.2%)] higher hsCRP, 0.7% (95% CI: 0.3-1.1%) higher triglycerides, and 0.5% (95% CI: 0.3-0.7%) higher [...] triglycerides (1.9%, 95% CI: 1.5-2.4% and 2.2%, 95% CI: 1.6-2.7%), independent of adjustment for noise. Additionally for NO2, a significant association with hsCRP (1.9%, 95% CI: 0.5-3.3%) was seen. In Lifelines
Efficacy and safety of ascending doses of praziquantel against <em>Schistosoma haematobium</em> infection in preschool-aged and school-aged children:... (Publications)
(28/41) at 20, 40 and 60 mg/kg and 47.5% (19/40) for placebo. In SAC, CRs were 10.8% for placebo (4/37), 55.6% for 20 mg/kg (25/45), 68.3% for 40 mg/kg (28/41) and 60.5% for 60 mg/kg (26/43). ERRs based on [...] infected with Schistosoma haematobium. METHODS: We conducted a randomised, dose-finding trial in PSAC (2-5 years) and as comparator a cohort of SAC (6-15 years) infected with S. haematobium in Cote d'Ivoire [...] on geometric means ranged between 96.5% (60 mg/kg) and 98.3% (20 mg/kg) in...
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients in rural Tanzania: the prospective Kilombero and Ulanga antiretroviral cohort (Publications)
pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB and EPTB were 17.9/1000person-years (py) (95% CI 14.2-22.6) and 5.8/1000 py (95% CI 4.0-8.5), respectively. The combined endpoint of death and LTFU was observed in 1058 (33.8%) patients [...] a combined endpoint of lost to follow-up (LTFU) and death. RESULTS: We included 3,129 subjects (64.5% female) with a median age of 38 years (interquartile range [IQR] 31-46) and a median CD4+ cell count [...] 1.25 years (IQR 0.46-2.85), 574 (18.4%) subjects were diagnosed with...
Design, implementation and evaluation of a national campaign to distribute nine million free LLINs to children under five years of age in Tanzania (Publications)
infants with highly subsidized insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), use among children under five years (U5s) in mainland Tanzania increased from 16% in 2004 to 26.2% in 2007. In 2008, the Ministry of Health [...] facilitated local government officials to supervise village-level volunteers on a registration of all U5s and the distribution and issuing of LLINs. The registration results formed the basis for the LLIN order [...] on coupons to village issuing posts during a three-day period where they...
First results of phase 3 trial of RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine in African children (Publications)
intention-to-treat population and 55.8% (97.5% CI, 50.6 to 60.4) in the per-protocol population. Vaccine efficacy against severe malaria was 45.1% (95% CI, 23.8 to 60.5) in the intention-to-treat population [...] through January 2011, we enrolled 15,460 children in two age categories - 6 to 12 weeks of age and 5 to 17 months of age - for vaccination with either RTS,S/AS01 or a non-malaria comparator vaccine. The [...] efficacy against clinical malaria during the 12 months after vaccination in...
Intestinal parasite prevalence in an area of Ethiopia after implementing the SAFE strategy, enhanced outreach services, and health extension program (Publications)
9% (95% confidence interval (CI) 7.2-12.7%), 9.7% (5.9-13.4%), and 2.6% (1.6-3.7%), respectively. The prevalence of S. mansoni was 2.9% (95% CI 0.2-5.5%) but infection was highly focal (range by community [...] 4%). The prevalence of any of these helminth infections was 24.2% (95% CI 17.6-30.9%) compared to 48.5% as found in a previous study in 1995 using the Kato-Katz technique. The pathogenic intestinal protozoa
<em>Ascaris lumbricoides</em> and <em>Trichuris trichiura</em> infections associated with wastewater and human excreta use in agriculture in Vietnam (Publications)
Cryptosporidium parvum 5% and Cyclospora cayetanensis 1%). People having close contact with polluted Nhue River water had a higher risk of helminth infections (odds ratio [OR]=1.5, 95% confidence interval [...] human excreta for application in the field had an increased risk for a T. trichiura infection (OR=1.5, 95% CI 1.0-2.3). In contrast, tap water use in households was a protective factor against any helminth [...] had generally lower prevalences (OR=0.8, 95% CI 0.6-1.0), participants...
Intestinal parasite prevalence in an area of Ethiopia after implementing the SAFE strategy, enhanced outreach services, and health extension program (Publications)
9% (95% confidence interval (CI) 7.2-12.7%), 9.7% (5.9-13.4%), and 2.6% (1.6-3.7%), respectively. The prevalence of S. mansoni was 2.9% (95% CI 0.2-5.5%) but infection was highly focal (range by community [...] 4%). The prevalence of any of these helminth infections was 24.2% (95% CI 17.6-30.9%) compared to 48.5% as found in a previous study in 1995 using the Kato-Katz technique. The pathogenic intestinal protozoa
First results of phase 3 trial of RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine in African children (Publications)
intention-to-treat population and 55.8% (97.5% CI, 50.6 to 60.4) in the per-protocol population. Vaccine efficacy against severe malaria was 45.1% (95% CI, 23.8 to 60.5) in the intention-to-treat population [...] through January 2011, we enrolled 15,460 children in two age categories - 6 to 12 weeks of age and 5 to 17 months of age - for vaccination with either RTS,S/AS01 or a non-malaria comparator vaccine. The [...] efficacy against clinical malaria during the 12 months after vaccination in...