Prenatal air pollution exposure and early cardiovascular phenotypes in young adults (Publications)
analysis. Prenatal PM10 and PM2.5 exposures were associated with increased CAS. For example, a 2 SD increase in prenatal PM2.5 was associated with CAS indices, including a 5% increase (beta = 1.05, 95% CI [...] beta, a 5% increase (beta = 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.10) in Young's elastic modulus and a 5% decrease (beta = 0.95, 95% CI 0.91-0.99) in distensibility. Mutually adjusted models of pre- and postnatal PM2.5 further
Phylogenomics of <em>Mycobacterium africanum</em> reveals a new lineage and a complex evolutionary history (Publications)
known as M. tuberculosis sensu stricto, as well as two lineages (L5 and L6) traditionally referred to as Mycobacterium africanum. Strains of L5 and L6 are largely limited to West Africa for reasons unknown [...] phylogeography and evolution. Here, we analysed the genomes of 350 L5 and 320 L6 strains, isolated from patients from 21 African countries, plus 5 related genomes that had not been classified into any of the [...] Africa, the most likely ancestral distribution for both L5 and L6 was the...
Air pollution and lung cancer incidence in 17 European cohorts: prospective analyses from the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects... (Publications)
matter (PM) with diameter of less than 10 mum (PM10), less than 2.5 mum (PM2.5), and between 2.5 and 10 mum (PMcoarse), soot (PM2.5absorbance), nitrogen oxides, and two traffic indicators. We used Cox [...] ratio [HR] 1.22 [95% CI 1.03-1.45] per 10 mug/m3). For PM2.5 the HR was 1.18 (0.96-1.46) per 5 mug/m3. The same increments of PM10 and PM2.5 were associated with HRs for adenocarcinomas of the lung of
Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and risk of dementia: results of the prospective three-city study (Publications)
68) for VaD per 5 microg/m(3) PM2.5 increase. No association was detected between NO2 or BC exposure and dementia risk. CONCLUSION: In this large cohort of older adults, long-term PM2.5 exposure was associated [...] 155 vascular/mixed dementia (VaD)). The 10-year moving average of PM2.5 concentrations ranged from 14.6 to 31.3 microg/m(3). PM2.5 concentration was positively associated with dementia risk: HR = 1.20 [...] l examination and confirmed by an independent committee of clinicians....
Spatial variation of PM elemental compositon between and within 20 European study areas - results of the ESCAPE project (Publications)
from 0.90 (V) to 1.60 (Cu) for PM2.5 and from 0.93 (V) to 2.28 (Cu) for PM10. Our selected PM elements were variably correlated with the main pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, PM2.5 absorbance, NO2 and NOx) across [...] coarse fractions were modestly correlated (between 0.5 and 0.75); and the remaining elements in the various size fractions had lower correlations (around 0.5 or below). This variability in correlation demonstrated [...] However, we lack comprehensive data on the spatial distribution of...
Distinct effects of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids on beta-cell turnover and function (Publications)
bovine corneal endothelial cells. Exposure of islets to saturated fatty acid (0.5 mmol/l palmitic acid) in medium containing 5.5, 11.1, or 33.3 mmol/l glucose for 4 days resulted in a five- to ninefold increase [...] fragmentation. In contrast, monounsaturated palmitoleic acid alone (0.5 mmol/l) or in combination with palmitic acid (0.25 or 0.5 mmol/l each) did not affect DNA fragmentation. Increasing concentrations [...] reduced by palmitic acid. Palmitoleic acid enhanced the proliferation...
Ambient air pollution and the progression of atherosclerosis in adults (Publications)
n of particulate matter up to 2.5 micrometer in diameter (PM2.5), and to classify residence by proximity to traffic-related pollution (within 100 m of highways). PM2.5 and traffic proximity were positively [...] proximity while of borderline significance for PM2.5 (P = 0.08). Annual CIMT progression among those living within 100 m of a highway was accelerated (5.5 micrometers/yr [95%CI: 0.13-10.79; p = 0.04]) or [...] or more than twice the population mean progression. For PM2.5, coefficients...
Patterns of migration and risks associated with leprosy among migrants in Maranhao, Brazil (Publications)
confounding variables. Eighty cases (23.5%) migrated 5-years prior to diagnosis, and 55 controls (16.2%) migrated 5-years prior to the corresponding case diagnosis. Past 5 year migration was found to be associated [...] temporal patterns of migration among past 5-year migrants with leprosy and a control group, and (3) examine social determinants of health associated with leprosy among past 5-year migrants. The study implemented [...] contact in the family, household and other leprosy contact,...
Air pollution and lung cancer incidence in 17 European cohorts: prospective analyses from the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects... (Publications)
matter (PM) with diameter of less than 10 mum (PM10), less than 2.5 mum (PM2.5), and between 2.5 and 10 mum (PMcoarse), soot (PM2.5absorbance), nitrogen oxides, and two traffic indicators. We used Cox [...] ratio [HR] 1.22 [95% CI 1.03-1.45] per 10 mug/m3). For PM2.5 the HR was 1.18 (0.96-1.46) per 5 mug/m3. The same increments of PM10 and PM2.5 were associated with HRs for adenocarcinomas of the lung of
Ambient air pollution and the progression of atherosclerosis in adults (Publications)
n of particulate matter up to 2.5 micrometer in diameter (PM2.5), and to classify residence by proximity to traffic-related pollution (within 100 m of highways). PM2.5 and traffic proximity were positively [...] proximity while of borderline significance for PM2.5 (P = 0.08). Annual CIMT progression among those living within 100 m of a highway was accelerated (5.5 micrometers/yr [95%CI: 0.13-10.79; p = 0.04]) or [...] or more than twice the population mean progression. For PM2.5, coefficients...