Implementing new health interventions in developing countries: why do we lose a decade or more? (Publications)
We undertook an analysis of the time required to begin implementation of four vaccines and three malaria interventions. We evaluated five milestones for each intervention, and assessed if the milestones [...] implementing any of the vaccines, increasing to an average of only 4% of LICs after 10 years. Each malaria intervention was used by an average of 7% of LICs after five years and 37% after 10 years. Four of
Design, implementation and evaluation of a national campaign to distribute nine million free LLINs to children under five years of age in Tanzania (Publications)
(LLIN) to every child under five years in Tanzania. METHODS: The ITN Cell, a unit within the National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP), coordinated the campaign on behalf of the Ministry of Health and Social [...] mainland Tanzania, the first region being covered separately during an integrated measles immunization/malaria LLIN distribution in August 2008, and was implemented one zone at a time from March 2009 until May
Optimization and validation of multi-coloured capillary electrophoresis for genotyping of <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> merozoite surface proteins... (Publications)
encoding the merozoite surface proteins 1 and 2 (msp1 and msp2) is well established in the field of malaria research to determine the number and types of concurrent clones in an infection. Genotyping is regarded [...] size ( < 1 bp). More genotypes were detected in mixtures of laboratory lines and blood samples from malaria infected children, compared to gel electrophoresis. The capacity to distinguish recrudescent parasites
Modified mosquito landing boxes dispensing transfluthrin provide effective protection against <em>Anopheles arabiensis</em> mosquitoes under simulated... (Publications)
BACKGROUND: Efforts to control malaria vectors have primarily focused on scaling-up of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying. Although highly efficient against indoor-biting [...] outdoor-biting mosquitoes in the peri-domestic space. They have a potential role in combatting outdoor malaria transmission without interfering with effective indoor interventions such as LLINs
The challenge to avoid anti-malarial medicine stock-outs in an area of funding partners: the case of Tanzania (Publications)
introduction of a health facility ACT stock monitoring system using SMS technology by the National Malaria Control Programme in mid 2011 revealed a high frequency of stock-outs of ACT in primary care public [...] both within the country and from the main donor, the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. Tanzania should invest in strengthening both the supply system and the health information system
Multilocus haplotypes reveal variable levels of diversity and population structure of <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> in Papua New Guinea, a region of... (Publications)
falciparum on the coast and in the low-lying inland areas. Local heterogeneity in the epidemiology of malaria suggests that parasites from multiple locations will need to be surveyed to define the population [...] variable genetic diversity and population structure of P. falciparum has important implications for malaria control strategies and warrants further fine scale sampling throughout Papua New Guinea
Larval and adult environmental temperatures influence the adult reproductive traits of <em>Anopheles gambiae</em> s.s. (Publications)
BACKGROUND: Anopheles mosquito life-history parameters and population dynamics strongly influence malaria transmission, and environmental factors, particularly temperature, strongly affect these parameters [...] are necessary to parameterise more reliably models predicting how global warming may influence malaria transmission
Attributes of <em>Anopheles gambiae</em> swarms in south central Uganda (Publications)
BACKGROUND: Anopheles gambiae continues to be widespread and an important malaria vector species complex in Uganda. New approaches to malaria vector control are being explored including population suppression
Expansion of artemisinin partial resistance mutations and lack of histidine rich protein-2 and -3 deletions in <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em>... (Publications)
BACKGROUND: Emerging artemisinin partial resistance and diagnostic resistance are a threat to malaria control in Africa. Plasmodium falciparum kelch13 (k13) propeller-domain mutations that confer artemisinin [...] provide early detection of partner drug resistance, which would likely compromise control and increase malaria morbidity and mortality in East Africa.
Sub-lethal exposure to chlorfenapyr reduces the probability of developing <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> parasites in surviving Anopheles mosquitoes (Publications)
BACKGROUND: Pyrethroid resistance in the key malaria vectors threatens the success of pyrethroid-treated nets. To overcome pyrethroid resistance, Interceptor(®) G2 (IG2), a 'first-in-class' dual insecticidal [...] the intensity of the P. falciparum infection. This will likely also contribute to the reduction of malaria in communities beyond the direct killing of mosquitoes.
