Multiple insecticide resistance in <em>Anopheles gambiae</em> from Tanzania: a major concern for malaria vector control (Publications)
development of insecticide resistance in the major malaria vectors. This study was carried out to monitor the susceptibility status of major malaria vectors to insecticides used for IRS and LLINs in mainland [...] BACKGROUND: Malaria vector control in Tanzania is based on use of long-lasting insecticide treated nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS), which both rely on the use of chemical insecticides. [...] An. gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) Kisumu strain. RESULTS: Anopheles arabiensis...
Lysophosphatidylcholine regulates sexual stage differentiation in the human malaria parasite <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> (Publications)
bottleneck in the Plasmodium life cycle and a key intervention target of ongoing efforts to eradicate malaria. Sexual differentiation is essential for this process, as only sexual parasites, called gametocytes [...] activation of sexual-stage-specific transcription and gametocyte formation. Our results reveal that malaria parasites can sense and process host-derived physiological signals to regulate differentiation. These [...] of the sexual differentiation pathway in Plasmodium that may provide...
Mapping multiple components of malaria risk for improved targeting of elimination interventions (Publications)
component, related mappable malaria metrics are also described which may be measured and evaluated by malaria programmes seeking to better understand the determinants of malaria risk. Implementing tailored [...] There is a long history of considering the constituent components of malaria risk and the malaria transmission cycle via the use of mathematical models, yet strategic planning in endemic countries tends [...] tends not to take full advantage of available disease intelligence to tailor...
Global investment targets for malaria control and elimination between 2016 and 2030 (Publications)
Background: Access to malaria control interventions falls short of universal health coverage. The Global Technical Strategy for malaria targets at least 90% reduction in case incidence and mortality rates [...] to reach these targets will be determined in part by investments in malaria. This study estimates the financing required for malaria control and elimination over the 2016-2030 period. Methods: A mathematical [...] coverage on burden and costs. The cost analysis took a public provider...
Converging human and malaria vector diagnostics with data management towards an integrated holistic One Health approach (Publications)
Monitoring malaria prevalence in humans, as well as vector populations, for the presence of Plasmodium, is an integral component of effective malaria control, and eventually, elimination. In the field [...] precisely, the causative agent of fever, thereby differentiating among several candidate (also non-malaria) febrile diseases. This requires genetic-based pathogen identification and multiplexed analysis,
Sustained malaria control over an 8-year period in Papua New Guinea: the challenge of low-density asymptomatic <em>Plasmodium</em> infections (Publications)
Background: The scale-up of effective malaria control in the last decade has resulted in a substantial decline in the incidence of clinical malaria in many countries. The effects on the proportions of [...] has resulted in reduced malaria transmission potential, but an increasing proportion of gametocyte carriers are asymptomatic and submicroscopic and represent a challenge to malaria control.
Repeated mosquito net distributions, improved treatment, and trends in malaria cases in sentinel health facilities in Papua New Guinea (Publications)
RESULTS: Malaria incidence initially ranged from 20 to 115/1000 population; subsequent trends varied by site. Overall, LLIN distributions had a cumulative effect, reducing the number of malaria cases with [...] not ACT, were associated with reductions of malaria cases in a range of settings, but sustainability of the gains appear to depend on local factors. Malaria programmes covering diverse transmission settings [...] al nets (LLIN), improved diagnosis and artemisinin-based combination therapy...
Operational coverage and timeliness of reactive case detection for malaria elimination in Zanzibar, Tanzania (Publications)
Since 2012, the Zanzibar Malaria Elimination Program has been implementing reactive case detection (RACD). Health facility (HF) staff send individual malaria case notifications by using mobile phones, [...] triggering a review of HF records and malaria testing and treatment at the household level by a district malaria surveillance officer. We assessed the completeness and timeliness of this system, from [...] Zanzibar achieved high operational coverage, timeliness was suboptimal. Patients...
The potential of pregnant women as a sentinel population for malaria surveillance (Publications)
Monthly ANC malaria test-positivity data from all Tanzanian health facilities for January 2014 to May 2016 was compared to prevalence data from the School Malaria Parasitaemia Survey 2015, the Malaria Indicator [...] proposed as a pragmatic sentinel population for malaria surveillance. However, the representativeness of routine ANC malaria test-positivity and its relationship with prevalence in other population subgroups [...] Indicator Survey (MIS) 2015/16, the Malaria Atlas Project 2015, and a...
Resurgence of malaria infection after mass treatment: a simulation study (Publications)
management, and test-and-treat interventions. Individual-based stochastic models of malaria transmission (OpenMalaria) were then used to estimate the probability and likely rates of resurgence in realistic [...] if mass drug administration (MDA) might shorten the time to elimination of Plasmodium falciparum malaria, when vector control measures and reactive surveillance strategies are scaled-up. A concern with [...] of bistability. Importation rates are important only when this threshold is very...