GOLIAT - 5G Exposure, Causal Effects, and Risk Perception through Citizen Engagement

There is few knowledge about potential health effects of everyday-emerging applications of wireless technology. The importance of this concern is more remarkable among young people and workers, the most sensitive and exposed groups, respectively. In GOLIAT (5G expOsure, causaL effects, and rIsk perception through citizen engAgemenT) project (https://projectgoliat.eu/), as a part of the European cluster on electromagnetic fields and health (https://www.emf-health-cluster.eu/), we will i) develop next-generation exposure assessment methods to estimate radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) dose; ii) identify and exposure assessment of new occupational RF-EMF sources resulting from 5G deployment; iii) assess neuropsychological effects among young people, and iv) quantify potential health impacts of exposures at the population level; v) assess effects of 5G on brain function, thermoregulation, and radical stress using laboratory experiments; vi) identify effective means of exposure reduction; vii) understand risk perceptions to RF-EMF and 5G; viii) address RF-EMF concerns and misconceptions by applying engagement model; ix) disseminate GOLIAT’s results and integrate them into policy actions; x) implement a broader analysis of the societal and ethical implications of RF-EMF and 5G; xi) develop a FAIR data infrastructure; and xii) perform activities related to the EMF and health cluster.

Swiss adolescents cohort HERMES

As part of GOLIAT, Swiss TPH conducts the HERMES3 (Health Effects Related to Mobile phone usE in adolescentS) cohort and a panel study on the association between RF-EMF exposure and health in adolescent in Switzerland. The primary objective of the cohort study is to investigate the effect of RF-EMF and transportation noise on cognitive performance, behavioural problems and health related quality of life in adolescents aged 11 to 15 years. The secondary objective is to investigate the effect of various aspects of eMedia (electronic media) use such as extensive night-time or social media usage on these outcomes.

292 adolescents from 7th or 8th school grade from Northwest and Central Switzerland are included for a baseline and a one-year follow-up assessment. Examination includes six standardized and computerized cognitive tests and questionnaires. In a panel study, objective information on RF-EMF, eMedia usage and sleep quality are obtained from a subgroup of 143 adolescents for one week.

HERMES 3 expands on the insights from previous the HEREMS1 and HERMES2 cohorts, conducted between 2012 and 2016, by including additional cognitive domains and considering changes in wireless communication technologies including the deployment of 5G. Together with similar cohorts conducted by GOLIAT partners, the study is expected to considerably increase our knowledge on the effects of eMedia use by differentiating between biophysical and psychological (non-biophysical) pathways.

Chikha W.B, Zhang Y, Liu J, Wang S, Sandeep S, Guxens M, Veludo A.F, Röösli M, Joseph W, Wiart J. Assessment of radio frequency electromagnetic field exposure induced by base stations in several micro-environments in France. IEEE Access. 2024;12:21610-21620. DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3363914

Veludo A.F, Stroobandt B, Van Bladel H, Sandoval-Diez N, Guxens M, Joseph W, Röösli M. Exploring RF-EMF levels in Swiss microenvironments: an evaluation of environmental and auto-induced downlink and uplink exposure in the era of 5G. Environ Res. 2025;266:120550. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.120550

Veludo A.F, Stroobandt B, Van Bladel H, Sandoval-Diez N, Deprez K, Aerts S, Chikha W.B, Wiart J, Vecsei Z, Necz P.P, Thuróczy G, Benini M, Bonato M, Gallucci S, Tognola G, Parazzini M, Beláčková L, Vaupotič N, Mamrot P, Marianska M, Politanski P, Polanska K, Stamets M, de Llobet P, Castaño-Vinyals G, Guxens M, Hulls P.M, de Vocht F, Joseph W, Röösli M. Assessing radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure in multiple microenvironments across ten European countries with a focus on 5G. Environ Int. 2025;200:109540. DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2025.109540

Deprez K, Stroobandt B, Veludo A.F, Vecsei Z, Necz P.P, Politański P, Verloock L, Polanska K, Thuróczy G, Röösli M, Plets D, Joseph W. 5G RF EMF spectral exposure assessment in four European countries. Bioelectromagnetics. 2025;46(6):e70019. DOI: 10.1002/bem.70019

Stroobandt B, Van Bladel H, Veludo A.F, Deprez K, Aerts S, Verloock L, Thuróczy G, Politanski P, Polanska K, Tognola G, Parazzini M, Wiart J, Guxens M, Röösli M, Joseph W. Auto-induced uplink 4G and 5G RF-EMF exposure assessment using a network monitoring application in different microenvironments across seven European countries. Environ Res. 2025;270:121029. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2025.121029

Bladel H.V, Stroobandt B, Veludo A.F, Deprez K, Röösli M, Tognola G, Parazzini M, Thuróczy G, Polańska K, Politański P, Wiart J, Guxens M, Joseph W. RF-EMF exposure assessment with add-on uplink exposure sensor in different microenvironments in seven European countries. Environ Int. 2025;197:109368. DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2025.109368

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