Publications

Gils T, Hella J, Jacobs B.K.M, Sossen B, Mukoka M, Muyoyeta M, Nakabugo E, Van Nguyen H, Ubolyam S, Macé A, Vermeulen M, Nyangu S, Sanjase N, Sasamalo M, Dinh H.T, Ngo T.A, Manosuthi W, Jirajariyavej S, Denkinger C.M, Nguyen N.V, Avihingsanon A, Nakiyingi L, Székely R, Kerkhoff A.D, MacPherson P, Meintjes G, Reither K, Ruhwald M. A prospective evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of the point-of-care VISITECT CD4 Advanced Disease test in seven countries. J Infect Dis. 2025;231(1):e82-e90. DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiae374

Keter A.K, Heerden A.V, Decroo T, Boyles T, Bosman S, Madonsela T, Msimango L.I, Naiken L, Kiyan C, Kamele M, Ayakaka I, Reither K, Mario Jacobs B.K, Lynen L. Estimation of therapeutic threshold for tuberculosis using adapted nominal group technique and clinical vignettes in clinical and community settings in Southern Africa. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis. 2025;40:100529. DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100529

Koele S.E, Stoycheva K, Mtweve C, Manyama C, Mpagama S, Mhimbira F, Wallis R, Ntinginya N.E, Liyoyo A, Huglin B, Minja L.T, Wagnerberger L, Zumba T, Noreña I, Peter D.D, Beattie T, Makkan H, Sloan D.J, Te Brake L, Aarnoutse R.E, McHugh T.D, Wildner L, Schildkraut J, Aldana B.H, Phillips P.P.J, Hoelscher M, Svensson E.M, Heinrich N, PanACEA consortium. Cardiac safety of bedaquiline, delamanid and moxifloxacin co-administered with or without varying doses of sutezolid or delpazolid for the treatment of drug-susceptible TB. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2025;80(8):2305-2313. DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaf210

Minja L.T, Minja L.M, Mlalama K, Pamba D, Hella J, Likindikoki S, Nyandindi C, Mbwambo J, Reither K, Belus J.M. Facilitators, barriers, and strategies for the implementation of peer-led tuberculosis active case finding among people who use drugs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. PLoS One. 2025;20(5):e0310069. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310069

Misra S, Madonsela T, Thomas K.K, Grabow C, Lenn M, Morton J.F, Reither K, Lynen L, van Heerden A, Essack Z, Bosman S, Shapiro A.E. ThiPhiSA: new pathways to TB prevention from community screening - a household-randomised controlled trial in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. BMJ Open. 2025;15(8):e100927. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2025-100927

Nzimande N, Murphy K, Reither K, Bosman S, Ayakaka I, Glass T.R, Vanobberghen F, Jacobs B.K.M, Signorell A, Ncayiyana J. Performance of CAD4TB artificial intelligence technology in TB screening programmes among the adult population in South Africa and Lesotho. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis. 2025;40:100540. DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2025.100540

Pita T.P, Misra S, Madonsela T, Tshazi A, Bosman S, Ayakaka I, Vlieghe E, Decroo T, Reither K, van Heerden A, Gils T. "If your CD4 count lowers, that is when you are similar to a person that is non-existent" a qualitative exploration of perceptions around advanced HIV disease in South Africa. BMC Public Health. 2025;25:2325. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-025-23588-1

Schmidiger S, McCaffrey E.F, Schmidt J.M, Hameed O.A, Mpina M, Tumbo A, Mfinanga E, Haraka F, Hiza H, Sasamalo M, Hella J, Walch M, Fellay J, Gagneux S, Reither K, Carballido J.M, Arbués A, Portevin D. Granulysin antimicrobial activity promotes dormancy in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Eur J Immunol. 2025;55(8):e70004. DOI: 10.1002/eji.70004

Signorell A, van Heerden A, Ayakaka I, Jacobs B.K, Antillon M, Tediosi F, Verjans A, Brugger C, Harkare H.V, Labhardt N.D, Bosman S, Kamele M, Keitseng M, Madonsela T, Kurscheid J, Muhairwe J, Keter A.K, Murphy K, van Ginneken B, Gils T, Katende B, Gebresenbet R.F, Erhardt R.M, Zoller T, Vanobberghen F, Glass T.R, Lynen L, Reither K. Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of community-based TB screening algorithms using computer-aided detection (CAD) technology alone compared with CAD combined with point-of-care C reactive protein testing in Lesotho and South Africa: protocol for a pair. BMJ Open. 2025;15(7):e093989. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-093989

Tukvadze N, Mashatole S, Jacobs A, Ngwanto T, Heinrich N, Van Rie A, Crudu V, Tudor E, Goginashvili L, Ibraim E, Khosa C, Howell P, Rajaram S, Naidoo K, Niemann S, Reither K, Wallis R.S. DRTB-HDT: a randomized controlled trial of two adjunctive host-directed therapies in rifampin-resistant tuberculosis. BMC Infect Dis. 2025;25:768. DOI: 10.1186/s12879-025-11072-5

Xu Z.M, Zwyer M, Hiza H, Schmidiger S, Sasamalo M, Reinhard M, Doetsch A, Borrell S, Naret O, Rüeger S, Lawless D, Tang S, Isihaka F, Temba H, Maroa T, Naftari R, Beisel C, Hella J, Reither K, Brites D, Portevin D, Gagneux S, Fellay J. Genome-to-genome analysis reveals associations between human and mycobacterial genetic variation in tuberculosis patients from Tanzania. BMC Med Genomics. 2025;18:99. DOI: 10.1186/s12920-025-02164-x

Bosman S, Ayakaka I, Muhairwe J, Kamele M, van Heerden A, Madonsela T, Labhardt N.D, Sommer G, Bremerich J, Zoller T, Murphy K, van Ginneken B, Keter A.K, Jacobs B.K.M, Bresser M, Signorell A, Glass T.R, Lynen L, Reither K. Evaluation of C-reactive protein and computer-aided analysis of chest X-rays as tuberculosis triage tests at health facilities in Lesotho and South Africa. Clin Infect Dis. 2024;79(5):1293-1302. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciae378

Bresser M, Erhardt R.M, Shanaube K, Simwinga M, Mahlatsi P.A, Belus J, Schaap A, Amstutz A, Gachie T, Glass T.R, Kangololo B, Mota J, Floyd S, Katende B, Klinkenberg E, Ayles H, Reither K, Ruperez M. Evaluation of COVID-19 antigen rapid diagnostic tests for self-testing in Lesotho and Zambia. PLoS One. 2024;19(2):e0280105. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280105

Centner C.M, Munir R, Tagliani E, Rieß F, Brown P, Hayes C, Dolby T, Zemanay W, Cirillo D.M, David A, Schumacher S.G, Denkinger C.M, Ruhwald M, Leukes V.N, Nicol M.P, Van der Walt I, Kisten G, Gumede M, Mace A, Brink A, Stevens W, Scott L, Penn-Nicholson A, Cox H, TB-CAPT Consortium. Reflex Xpert MTB/XDR testing of residual rifampicin-resistant specimens: a clinical laboratory-based diagnostic accuracy and feasibility study in South Africa. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2024;11(8):ofae437. DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae437

Geric C, Tavaziva G, Breuninger M, Dheda K, Esmail A, Scott A, Kagujje M, Muyoyeta M, Reither K, Khan A.J, Benedetti A, Khan F.A. Breaking the threshold: developing multivariable models using computer-aided chest X-ray analysis for tuberculosis triage. Int J Infect Dis. 2024;147:107221. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107221

Gils T, Madonsela T, Kamele M, Ayakaka I, Van Heerden A, Vlieghe E, Bresser M, Decroo T, Lynen L, Reither K, Bosman S. Low tuberculosis treatment initiation after positive tuberculosis lipoarabinomannan results. ERJ Open Res. 2024;10(4):00182-2024. DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00182-2024

Hiza H, Zwyer M, Hella J, Arbués A, Sasamalo M, Borrell S, Xu Z.M, Ross A, Brites D, Fellay J, Reither K, Gagneux S, Portevin D. Bacterial diversity dominates variable macrophage responses of tuberculosis patients in Tanzania. Sci Rep. 2024;14:9287. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60001-0

Keter A.K, Vanobberghen F, Lynen L, Van Heerden A, Fehr J, Olivier S, Wong E.B, Glass T.R, Reither K, Goetghebeur E, Jacobs B.K.M. Simultaneous alleviation of verification and reference standard biases in a community-based tuberculosis screening study using Bayesian latent class analysis. PLoS One. 2024;19(6):e0305126. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305126

Lin Y, Walker A, Batta M, Ottilie-Kovelman S, Duchenko A, Brugger C, Keiser O, Wallis R.S, Reither K, Tediosi F, Antillón M. Economic burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and post-tuberculosis sequelae in low- and middle-income countries: a database compiled from a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Public Health. 2024;2:e000441. DOI: 10.1136/bmjph-2023-000441

Mangu C, Cossa M, Ndege R, Khosa C, Leukes V, de la Torre-Pérez L, Machiana A, Kivuma B, Mnzava D, Zachariah C, Manjate P, Tagliani E, Schacht C, Buech J, Singh S, Ehrlich J, Riess F, Sanz S, Kranzer K, Cox H, Sabi I, Nguenha D, Meggi B, Weisser M, Ntinginya N, Schumacher S, Ruhwald M, Penn-Nicholson A, Garcia-Basteiro A.L, TB-CAPT Consortium. Expanding Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra® and LF-LAM testing for diagnosis of tuberculosis among HIV-positive adults admitted to hospitals in Tanzania and Mozambique: a randomized controlled trial (the EXULTANT trial). BMC Infect Dis. 2024;24:831. DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09651-z

Ndege R, Rohacek M, Bani F, Ngome O, Okuma J, Sasamalo M, Mnzava D, Reither K, Vanobberghen F, Hella J, Paris D.H, Weisser M. Diagnostic yield of urine Xpert MTB/RIF ultra in adults with suspected extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2024;11(7):ofae338. DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae338

Sossen B, Székely R, Mukoka M, Muyoyeta M, Nakabugo E, Hella J, Van Nguyen H, Ubolyam S, Erkosar B, Vermeulen M, Centner C.M, Nyangu S, Sanjase N, Sasamalo M, Dinh H.T, Ngo T.A, Manosuthi W, Jirajariyavej S, Nguyen N.V, Avihingsanon A, Kerkhoff A.D, Denkinger C.M, Reither K, Nakiyingi L, MacPherson P, Meintjes G, Ruhwald M, FujiLAM Study Consortium. Urine-Xpert Ultra for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in people living with HIV: a prospective, multicentre, diagnostic accuracy study. Lancet Glob Health. 2024;12(12):e2024-2034. DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(24)00357-7

Székely R, Sossen B, Mukoka M, Muyoyeta M, Nakabugo E, Hella J, Nguyen H.V, Ubolyam S, Chikamatsu K, Macé A, Vermeulen M, Centner C.M, Nyangu S, Sanjase N, Sasamalo M, Dinh H.T, Ngo T.A, Manosuthi W, Jirajariyavej S, Mitarai S, Nguyen N.V, Avihingsanon A, Reither K, Nakiyingi L, Kerkhoff A.D, MacPherson P, Meintjes G, Denkinger C.M, Ruhwald M, FujiLAM Study Consortium. Prospective multicentre accuracy evaluation of the FUJIFILM SILVAMP TB LAM test for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in people living with HIV demonstrates lot-to-lot variability. PLoS One. 2024;19(5):e0303846. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303846

Tschan Y, Sasamalo M, Hiza H, Fellay J, Gagneux S, Reither K, Hella J, Portevin D. Diagnostic accuracy of a sequence-specific Mtb-DNA hybridization assay in urine: a case-control study including subclinical TB cases. Microbiol Spectr. 2024;12(6):e0042624. DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00426-24

Vanobberghen F, Keter A.K, Jacobs B.K.M, Glass T.R, Lynen L, Law I, Murphy K, van Ginneken B, Ayakaka I, van Heerden A, Maama L, Reither K. Computer-aided detection thresholds for digital chest radiography interpretation in tuberculosis diagnostic algorithms. ERJ Open Res. 2024;10. DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00508-2023

Gils T, Kamele M, Madonsela T, Bosman S, Ngubane T, Joseph P, Reither K, Bresser M, Vlieghe E, Decroo T, Ayakaka I, Lynen L, Van Heerden A. Implementation of the advanced HIV disease care package with point-of-care CD4 testing during tuberculosis case finding: a mixed-methods evaluation. PLoS One. 2023;18(12):e0296197. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296197

Glaser N, Bosman S, Madonsela T, van Heerden A, Mashaete K, Katende B, Ayakaka I, Murphy K, Signorell A, Lynen L, Bremerich J, Reither K. Incidental radiological findings during clinical tuberculosis screening in Lesotho and South Africa: a case series. J Med Case Rep. 2023;17(1):365. DOI: 10.1186/s13256-023-04097-4

Katende B, Bresser M, Kamele M, Chere L, Tlahali M, Erhardt R.M, Muhairwe J, Ayakaka I, Glass T.R, Ruhwald M, van Ginneken B, Murphy K, de Vos M, Amstutz A, Mareka M, Mooko S.M, Reither K, González Fernández L. Impact of a multi-disease integrated screening and diagnostic model for COVID-19, TB, and HIV in Lesotho. PLOS Glob Public Health. 2023;3(8):e0001488. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001488

Keter A.K, Lynen L, Van Heerden A, Wong E, Reither K, Goetghebeur E, Jacobs B.K.M. Evaluation of tuberculosis diagnostic test accuracy using Bayesian latent class analysis in the presence of conditional dependence between the diagnostic tests used in a community-based tuberculosis screening study. PLoS One. 2023;18(3):e0282417. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282417

Klinkenberg E, Katende B, Ruperez M, Bresser M, Kangololo B, Bwalya J, Erhardt R.M, Schaap A, Kasese N, Gatchie T, Floyd S, Mota J, Ayles H, Shanaube K, Reither K. Creating access to SARS-CoV-2 screening and testing through community-based COVID-19 case-finding, observations from cross-sectional studies in Lesotho and Zambia. BMC Public Health. 2023;23:1414. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16306-2

Labhardt N.D, González Fernández L, Katende B, Muhairwe J, Bresser M, Amstutz A, Glass T.R, Ruhwald M, Sacks J.A, Escadafal C, Mareka M, Mooko S.M, de Vos M, Reither K. Head-to-head comparison of nasal and nasopharyngeal sampling using SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen testing in Lesotho. PLoS One. 2023;18(3):e0278653. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278653

Loiseau C, Windels E.M, Gygli S.M, Jugheli L, Maghradze N, Brites D, Ross A, Goig G, Reinhard M, Borrell S, Trauner A, Dötsch A, Aspindzelashvili R, Denes R, Reither K, Beisel C, Tukvadze N, Avaliani Z, Stadler T, Gagneux S. The relative transmission fitness of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a drug resistance hotspot. Nat Commun. 2023;14:1988. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37719-y

Murphy K, Muhairwe J, Schalekamp S, van Ginneken B, Ayakaka I, Mashaete K, Katende B, van Heerden A, Bosman S, Madonsela T, González Fernández L, Signorell A, Bresser M, Reither K, Glass T.R. COVID-19 screening in low resource settings using artificial intelligence for chest radiographs and point-of-care blood tests. Sci Rep. 2023;13:19692. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46461-w

Ndege R, Ngome O, Vanobberghen F, Bani F, Temba Y, Wilson H, Hella J, Gingo W, Sasamalo M, Mnzava D, Kimera N, Hiza H, Wigayi J, Mapesi H, Kato I.B, Mhimbira F, Reither K, Battegay M, Paris D.H, Weisser M, Rohacek M. Ultrasononography in managing extrapulmonary tuberculosis: a randomized, controlled, parallel, superiority, open-label trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2023;76(6):1013-1021. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac871

Nooh F, Chernet A, Reither K, Okuma J, Brattig N.W, Utzinger J, Probst-Hensch N, Paris D.H, Dreyfus A. Prevalence of fever of unidentified aetiology in East African adolescents and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Infect Dis Poverty. 2023;12:55. DOI: 10.1186/s40249-023-01105-z

Ntinginya N.E, Bakuli A, Mapamba D, Sabiiti W, Kibiki G, Minja L.T, Kuchaka D, Reither K, Phillips P.P.J, Boeree M.J, Gillespie S.H, Hoelscher M, Heinrich N. Tuberculosis molecular bacterial load assay reveals early delayed bacterial killing in patients with relapse. Clin Infect Dis. 2023;76(3):e990-e994. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac445

Simwinga M, Mahlatsi P.A, Molale M, Witola G, Mshanga I, Katende B, Amstutz A, Reither K, Shanaube K, Motlomelo M, Bond V, Belus J.M. Facilitators and barriers to COVID-19 testing in community and clinical settings: lessons learned from Lesotho and Zambia. PLOS Glob Public Health. 2023;3(10):e0002430. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002430

Zwyer M, Rutaihwa L.K, Windels E, Hella J, Menardo F, Sasamalo M, Sommer G, Schmülling L, Borrell S, Reinhard M, Dötsch A, Hiza H, Stritt C, Sikalengo G, Fenner L, De Jong B.C, Kato-Maeda M, Jugheli L, Ernst J.D, Niemann S, Jeljeli L, Ballif M, Egger M, Rakotosamimanana N, Yeboah-Manu D, Asare P, Malla B, Dou H.Y, Zetola N, Wilkinson R.J, Cox H, Carter E.J, Gnokoro J, Yotebieng M, Gotuzzo E, Abimiku A, Avihingsanon A, Xu Z.M, Fellay J, Portevin D, Reither K, Stadler T, Gagneux S, Brites D. Back-to-Africa introductions of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as the main cause of tuberculosis in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. PLoS Pathog. 2023;19(4):e1010893. DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010893

Gils T, Lynen L, Muhairwe J, Mashaete K, Lejone T.I, Joseph P, Ngubane T, Keter A.K, Reither K, van Heerden A. Feasibility of implementing the advanced HIV disease care package as part of community-based HIV/TB activities: a mixed-methods study protocol. BMJ Open. 2022;12(2):e057291. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057291

Hiza H, Hella J, Arbués A, Sasamalo M, Misana V, Fellay J, Gagneux S, Reither K, Portevin D. CD38 expression by antigen-specific CD4 t cells is significantly restored 5 months after treatment initiation independently of sputum bacterial load at the time of tuberculosis diagnosis. Front Med. 2022;9:821776. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.821776