High HIV prevalence and associated risk factors among female sex workers in Rwanda (Publications)
was an inverse relationship between HIV prevalence and comprehensive HIV knowledge (aOR = 0.65, [95% CI: 0.48-0.88]). HIV prevalence was high among a sample of FSWs in Rwanda, and successful prevention [...] 1338 women included in the study, 1112 consented to HIV testing, and the overall HIV prevalence was 51.0%. Sixty percent had been engaged in sex work for less than five years and 80% were street based. In
Relative performance of indoor vector control interventions in the Ifakara and the West African experimental huts (Publications)
(induced exit), blood-feeding and mortality of mosquitoes. METHODS: Metofluthrin mosquito coils (0.00625% and 0.0097%) and Olyset(R) Net vs control nets (untreated, deliberately holed net) were evaluated against [...] while the West African huts captured a median of 8/ night (rate ratio 3.37, 95% CI: 2.30-4.94, P < 0.0001) and this difference in mosquito entry was similar for Olyset(R) Net and more pronounced for spatial [...] 4-fold higher mosquito exit relative to the West African huts (odds...
Do surveys with paper and electronic devices differ in quality and cost? Experience from the Rufiji Health and Demographic Surveillance System in... (Publications)
households for the paper records and 2% (15) for the electronic records (p < 0.001). There were differences in the types of errors (p = 0.03). Of the errors occurring, a higher proportion were due to accuracy [...] per household was 9.4 minutes (90% central range 6.4, 12.2) for paper and 8.3 (6.1, 12.0) for electronic surveys (p = 0.001). Surveys using electronic tools, compared with paper-based tools, were less costly
Long run height and education implications of early life growth faltering: a synthetic panel analysis of 425 birth cohorts in 21 low- and... (Publications)
z-score (HAZ) in childhood was - 1.53 [range: - 2.73, - 0.348]. In fully adjusted models, each unit increase in cohort childhood HAZ was associated with a 2.0 cm [95% CI: 1.09-2.9] increase in adult height, with [...] between early childhood height and adult educational attainment was found to be inconclusive (0.269, 95% CI: [- 0.68-1.22]). CONCLUSIONS: While early childhood linear growth at the cohort level appears to
Antiprotozoal aminosteroids from <em>Pachysandra terminalis</em> (Publications)
the isolated alkaloids ranged between 0.11 and 26 µM (Tbr) and 0.39 and 80 µM (Pf). 3α,4α-diapachysanaximine A (7) showed the highest activity against Tbr (IC(50) = 0.11 µM) with a selectivity index (SI) [...] (SI) of 133 and was also quite active against Pf with IC(50) = 0.63 µM (SI = 23). This compound is, therefore, a promising new antiprotozoal target for further investigations.
Assessing the impact of antimicrobial resistance policies on antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance-associated mortality in children and adults... (Publications)
and regions. We observed strong evidence of negative association (mean difference MD=-0.150, 95% CI (-0.2593 to -0.0407)) between the presence of regulatory or legislative policies that ban over-the-counter [...] associated with reduced total antibiotic consumption at the country level (MD=-1.259, 95% CI (-2.297 to -0.2216)). No associations were found between other policy variables and antibiotic use or mortality.
Breast cancer incidence in relation to long-term low-level exposure to air pollution in the ELAPSE pooled cohort (Publications)
(1.00, 1.06) per 10 mug/m(3) NO2, 1.06 (1.01, 1.11) per 5 mug/m(3) PM2.5, 1.03 (0.99, 1.06) per 0.5 10-5m-1 BC, and 0.98 (0.94, 1.01) per 10 mug/m(3) O3. The effect estimates were most pronounced in the
<em>Opisthorchis felineus </em>infection is a risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma in Western Siberia: a hospital-based case-control study (Publications)
95% CI 1.4-10.8, p = 0.008). Also, cases reported more often that they were currently or in the past infected by O. felineus compared to controls (OR 4.03, 95% CI 1.7 - 9.5, p = 0.001). Furthermore, cases [...] fishing habits significantly more often than controls (OR 5.5, 95% CI 1.5 - 19.8, p = 0.009; OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.4 - 7.7, p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The study results revealed a strong significantly increased risk
Exposure to ambient air pollution and cognitive decline: results of the prospective Three-City cohort study (Publications)
exposure: one IQR increment in PM2.5 (1.5 µg/m3) was associated with accelerated decline (β: −0.0060 [−0.0112; −0.0007] standard unit per year). Other associations were inconsistent in direction, and of small [...] domain-specific cognitive decline. Results The participants’ (n = 6380) median age was 73.4 years (IQR: 8.0), and 61.5% were women. At baseline, the median MMSE score was 28 (IQR: 3). Global cognition decline
Malaria infection prevalence and sensitivity of reactive case detection in Zanzibar (Publications)
located within 50 m of the index household as compared with those located farther away (OR = 0.8, 95%CI: 0.5, 1.4). Sensitivity of RDT to detect qPCR-detectable infections was 34% (95%CI: 26.4, 42.3). [...] participants tested by malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT), 3.2% of those residing in index households and 0.4% of those residing in non-index households tested positive (OR = 8.4; 95%CI: 5.7, 12.5). Of 6,281 [...] members reporting recent travel were 1.4 times higher than among those without...
