N-acetyltransferase 2 phenotype but not NAT1*10 genotype affects aminobiphenyl-hemoglobin adduct levels (Publications)
acetylators was 47% higher than that in NAT2 rapid acetylators (P = 0.01). The comparable value for 4-ABP-hemoglobin adducts was 17% (P = 0.02). In contrast, no association between NAT1*10 genotype and 3- [...] relative to nonsmokers. The levels increased with increased amounts smoked per day (two-sided, P < 0.0001 in all cases). With adjustment for NAT1 genotype and race, the smoking-adjusted geometric mean
A phase 3 trial of RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine in African infants (Publications)
-treat population during the 14 months after the first dose of vaccine was 0.31 per person-year in the RTS,S/AS01 group and 0.40 per person-year in the control group, for a vaccine efficacy of 30.1% (95% [...] per-protocol population was 31.3% (97.5% CI, 23.6 to 38.3). Vaccine efficacy against severe malaria was 26.0% (95% CI, -7.4 to 48.6) in the intention-to-treat population and 36.6% (95% CI, 4.6 to 57.7) in the
Estimating population access to insecticide-treated nets from administrative data: correction factor is needed (Publications)
d for such estimates from administrative data, multiplying the number of ITN delivered either by 2.0 or 1.8 before dividing by the population. However, the validity of such estimates has not previously [...] with at least one ITN for every two people (median 1.66). Using the formula number of ITN times 2.0 divided by the population to estimate population access to ITN from administrative data generally o [...] at low access levels but good fit at levels above 55%. CONCLUSIONS: A factor of 1.6...
Comparative analysis of two methods for measuring sales volumes during malaria medicine outlet surveys (Publications)
doses (95% CI 0.6-7.2)), equivalent to 30% of mean sales volumes. For RDTs at wholesalers, the between-method mean difference was not statistically significant (one test, 95% CI -6.0-4.0). At retail outlets
Reproducibility of retrospective assessment of outdoor time-activity patterns as an individual determinant of long-term ambient ozone exposure (Publications)
total variance, Spearman rank correlations: 0.68-0.86 for time spent in outdoor activities). Population mean values differed across approaches, ranging from 1.0 (ATAB) to an unrealistically high estimate
Small scale migration along the interoceanic highway in Madre de Dios, Peru: an exploration of community perceptions and dynamics due to migration (Publications)
more land than migrants (p < 0.001), were more likely to have piped water directly in their home (p = 0.046), and were more likely to participate in community groups (p = 0.012). Looking at perceptions
Modelling the vertical gradient of nitrogen dioxide in an urban area (Publications)
explain ground floor concentrations with a model R(2) of 0.84 (RMSE 4.1mug/m(3)), it predicted measured concentrations at all heights with an R(2) of 0.79 (RMSE 4.5mug/m(3)), systematically overpredicting [...] vertical decay was able to predict ground floor and higher floor concentrations with a model R(2) of 0.84 (RMSE 3.8mug/m(3)) and without systematic bias. DISCUSSION: Height above the ground is a relevant
How does membership in local savings groups influence the determinants of national health insurance demand? A cross-sectional study in Kisumu, Kenya (Publications)
ROSCA status (p-value = 0.47). Participants who were self-employed were significantly less likely to enrol into the NHIF if they did not belong to a ROSCA (interaction test p-value = 0.03). NHIF enrolment [...] ROSCA membership on this association, with a lower odds ratio amongst non-ROSCA members (p-value = 0.09): the low treatment numbers amongst the insured infers that ROSCA membership may play a role on the
Insights into the genetic diversity of <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> in Tanzania (Publications)
ratio [aOR] 2.14; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.31 - 3.50, p = 0.002) and retreatment cases (aOR 1.67; 95% CI 0.95 - 2.84, p = 0. 065) in the study population. We found no associations between MTBC
Activity and pharmacokinetics of a praziquantel crystalline polymorph in the <em>Schistosoma mansoni</em> mouse model (Publications)
polymorph B performed similarly on both NTS (IC50 = 2.58 and 2.40 microg/mL at 72 h) and adults (IC50 = 0.05 and 0.07 microg/mL at 72 h). Praziquantel showed higher in vivo efficacy with an ED50 of 58.75 mg/kg [...] R-praziquantel showed an overall 40% higher area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve (AUC0--> 24) (R-praziquantel = 3.42; R-polymorph B = 2.05 h*microg/mL) and an overall 30% lower apparent clearance
