Group | Viral Immunology

The Viral Immunology group studies human immune responses to viral infection and vaccination using a combination of functional antibody and B cell receptor repertoire analyses. The goal of our research is to characterize immune responses in African compared to U.S. and European populations, with a current focus on responses to SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronaviruses as well as to COVID-19 vaccination. We also develop viral antigen capture assays based on human and mouse monoclonal antibodies that we generate by antigen-specific single B cell sorting and hybridoma technology. Assays will be used to study the epidemiology of viral infections in African populations.

In contrast to soaring COVID-19 case numbers during pandemic waves in the Americas and Europe, large parts of Africa have reported low numbers of severe SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19-related deaths. Hypotheses to explain this observation include differential innate and adaptive immune mechanisms of protection in different populations.

Much has been learnt about immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in U.S. and European COVID-19 patients, contributing to the development of effective vaccines. Similar studies in African populations with different immunological backgrounds are required to define shared and distinct, potentially beneficial features of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and to investigate the nature and longevity of infection- and vaccine-induced immunity to adequately tailor required public health interventions to different populations.

Key Projects

Characterization of B Cell and Functional Antibody Responses to Human Coronaviruses in Africa

The goal of this project is to characterize immune responses of populations in Africa to SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronaviruses (HCoVs) as well as to COVID-19 vaccination. Results will be compared to available data from U.S. COVID-19 patients and vaccinees. Specific objectives are to (i) determine the prevalence and longitudinal development of serum and saliva antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and HCoVs in individuals from rural and urban areas, (ii) conduct a detailed analysis of antibody specificities and effector functions in samples from study participants, and (iii) analyze clonal B cell lineages in study participants to identify characteristics of class switching, immunoglobulin heavy (IGH) chain gene segment usage, and IGH complementarity-determining region-3 length and somatic hypermutation. Read more

Development of Tools for the Rapid Detection of Past and Present Coronavirus Infection

In the framework of this project we generate human and mouse monoclonal antibodies against different coronaviruses and viral variants using antigen-specific single B cell sorting and hybridoma technology. Monoclonal antibodies will be applied in antigen capture assays for the specific detection of coronavirus and viral variant infection. In addition, we use electrochemiluminescence multi-array technology to detect antibody signatures in plasma to screen populations for previous exposure to different coronavirus variants. Read more

Publications

Röltgen K et al. Immune imprinting, breadth of variant recognition, and germinal center response in human SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. Cell. 2022;185(6):1025-1040 e14. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.01.018

Dashdorj N.J et al. Direct comparison of antibody responses to four SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in Mongolia. Cell Host Microbe. 2021;29(12):1738-1743 e4. DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.11.004

Röltgen K, Boyd S.D. Antibody and B cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. Cell Host Microbe. 2021;29(7):1063-1075. DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.06.009

Rosser J.I et al. Severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroprevalence in healthcare personnel in northern California early in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2021;42(9):1053-1059. DOI: 10.1017/ice.2020.1358

Wirz O.F et al. Use of outpatient-derived COVID-19 convalescent plasma in COVID-19 patients before seroconversion. Front Immunol. 2021;12:739037. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.739037

Yang F et al. Shared B cell memory to coronaviruses and other pathogens varies in human age groups and tissues. Science. 2021;372(6543):738-741. DOI: 10.1126/science.abf6648

Röltgen K et al. Defining the features and duration of antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with disease severity and outcome. Sci Immunol. 2020;5(54):eabe0240. DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abe0240

Partners and Collaborators

Prof. Dr. Scott D. Boyd, Boyd Lab at Stanford, US

Prof. Dr. Dorothy Yeboah-Manu, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Ghana

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